In the study an attempt to determine the role of central subcortical mechanisms in the development of obesity in children and to demonstrate the necessity of transcranial techniques’ application for reducing the appetite and, correspondingly, the body mass in children was made. 100 patients aged 14-18 with obesity (50 boys, 50 girls) were examined. To evaluate the effectiveness of transcerebral methods the children were randomized into 2 groups: the treatment group including 80 children (BMI SDS 3,5 [2,8; 4,2]) who received the course of physiotherapy: transcranial magnetic therapy and transcranial electrostimulation, and the control group including 20 children (BMI SDS 3,5 [2,7; 4,3]) who received physiotherapy in the form of placebo procedures with switched off radiators. Transcranial magnetic therapy was performed with the frequency of magnetic field scanning (modulation) in the range of 1-12 Hz. Sessions were carried out with the help of the unit “Headband” in the sitting or lying position of the patient with induction of 45 Hz on the radiator’s surface; magnetic field was being synchronically moved from the temporal lobe to the occipital lobe onto the both hemispheres of the brain for 7-12 minutes (according to the bitemporal technique). The course of treatment was 15 procedures. In our study a greater effect was achieved in those patients whose excessive body mass started to develop in the pre-pubertal period and who had marked disturbances of the central and peripheral nervous systems, a persistent hunger sensation, signs of a chronic slowly passing inflammatory process.

Conversion of forests and other natural vegetation to agricultural lands is considered to be the most significant land cover change in the world. This study aims to shed light on the urban growth of Taifregion located in Western Saudi Arabia at an elevation of 1700 m above sea level in the El Tharwat Mountains 150 km east from Jeddah and the Red Sea. As Taif is located in the mountains it has mild climate in the winter and temperate climate in the summertime attracting tourists from the Red Sea coast, but also from Eastern Saudi Arabia especially during the summer time. To study about the urban growth, it has used WGS84 UTM Zone 37N as a coordinate system with Transverse Mercator projection. The land cover classification for various years showing that urban areas, road network and vegetated areas has kept on growing since 1984 until 2011. Result showed that the most affected soil class exhibited by urban expansion is the deep loamy non-saline flat plain, where urban area increased from 0.12 km2 in 1984 reaching 5.09 km2 in 2011.

Many plant essential oils EOs show a broad spectrum of activity against pest insects and plant pathogenic fungi ranging from insecticidal, antifeedant, repellent, oviposition deterrent, growth regulatory and antivector activities. These oils also have a long tradition of use in the protection of stored products. Some of these oils and their constituent chemicals are widely used as flavoring agents in foods and beverages and are even exempt from pesticide registration. This special regulatory status combined with the wide availability of essential oils from the flavor and fragrance industries, has made it possible to fast track commercialization of essential oilbased pesticides. Though well received by consumers for use against home and garden pests, these “green pesticides” can also prove effective in agricultural situations, particularly for organic food production. Our objective through the present study is to test the cytotoxicity of one famous plant used tremendously in our folk medicine, namely Mentha piperita which used in a wide variety of consumer goods such as detergents, soaps, toilet products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, confectionery food products, soft drinks……etc. Biological model in fact is the Microorganism (Paramecium sp). Three doses were chosen, a short time of 24 hours and a long time 15 days. We followed the evolution of physiological parameters (growth), biochemical (total proteins, respiratory metabolism), as well as the variations of a bio marker the GSH. Our results highlighted a light inhibition of the growth of the protozoa as well as a disturbance of the contents of total proteins and a reduction in the reduced rate of glutathione. The polarographic study revealed a stimulation of the consumption of O2 and this at the treated cells.

Each stage has its own experimental learning objective. In the first phase - the organization of experiential learning was proposed by the working hypothesis of the research. The purpose of experiential learning is to identify the effectiveness of the proposed model, the skill formation of German pronunciation with students of Kazakh groups in non-language high school. We took into account the variable and invariable factors in the organization of experiential learning. While teaching pronunciation this experimental learning nature of the material was contrasted without interfering influence of the Kazakh language in the current system of teaching German pronunciation.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the factors affecting the residents’ subspecialty choice in the Saudi Program of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. \nMethods: A cross sectional survey-based study carried out on all the residents of the Saudi Program of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery in the Riyadh region. Forty one residents from 6 hospitals completed a questionnaire of 50 close-ended questions from January 2014 to October 2014. \nResults: Of the 41 residents, majority (78%) was males and 56% married. Most had taken Rhinology, Otolology, Pediatric ENT and Head and Neck rotations. Rotations had 2.4% - 17.1% positive influence of subspecialty selection. Influence of mentors was more pronounced in Rhinology (41.5%), Otology (14.5) and Pediatric ENT (17.1%). Future job prospects were more frequently a reason of joining or continuing in Rhinology (29.3%), Facial Plastic Surgery (26.9%) and Otology (21.9%). Financial consideration positively inclined most of residents towards Rhinology (24.4%) and Pediatric ENT (17.1%). \nConclusions: The study concludes that the influence of mentors, financial reasons and future job availability are major factors affecting the selection of ENT subspecialties among residents of Saudi Program for this medical specialty. Speech and swallowing rotation was not taken by most of these residents which may have positive impact if made widely available. Rhinology is most favorite subspecialty among the residents of Saudi Program for ENT specialty.

Abstract \nPurpose – This paper evaluates the policy framework, challenges and remedies of women entrepreneurship in Nigeria. The paper reviewed policies on women empowerment from different administrations and past government in Nigeria. \nDesign/methodology/approach – This study obtained primary data through the use of open ended questionnaire as an instrument administered to 570 female entrepreneurs currently engaged in businesses in Lagos, Ogun and Oyo States within South-West, Nigeria. A descriptive statistical analysis that helped us to calculate the frequency distribution of the responses from our respondents was used to analyze the data.\nFindings – The study revealed that although women entrepreneurs are gaining recognition in entrepreneurial activities, they are however confronted with several challenges. Some of these challenges include inadequacy of funds for start up and expansion, lack of electricity /infrastructural facilities, unconducive business environment, customers dissatisfaction and complaints, high level of competition and lack of trust worthy personnel, The findings also revealed that Nigerian women entrepreneurs are particularly constrained by their weak financial base, lack of business knowledge, inability to prepare business plan, family pressure and other socio- cultural hindrances.\nResearch limitations/implications–Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis could not be used to analyze the data since the data was obtained through open ended questionnaire and interview.\nPractical implications – The results of the study showed that women entrepreneurs in Nigeria are ready to encourage themselves to ensure that they are making satisfactory progress irrespective of the challenges they face in their business.\nOriginality/value – The study made original empirical contribution to body of the knowledge by obtaining a first hand information on the challenges facing women entrepreneurs in Nigeria and the best ways to encourage other women to be serious with their business. Hence, the study among other things recommends that the government should endeavour to recognize the economic role of women entrepreneurs and give them special attention in terms of making resources and facilities available to them for their entrepreneurial activities.