Background: There has been a report worldwide increase in the apparent prevalence of ADHD and related disorders, such an increase due to an actual increase in incidence of ADHD or better detection methods.\nAims & Objective: To determine the prevalence and describe the clinical and characteristics of ADHA in school-age children in Taif-KSA.\nMaterial and Methods: The study proceed in these steps: screening, sampling diagnostic assessment. All teachers asked to complete the questionnaire of they noticed more than one of five signs that had been written in covering letter. \nResults: The result of the current study have shown that the overall prevalence of ADHD in the primary school of Taif district whose age from 6-8 years was 6% where (hyperactivity 9% ; Attention-deficit and 5% impulsivity 4%).\nConclusion: Although our findings are preliminary, school based and the first to be conducted in KSA, they indicate the need for decision-maker to plan service and research the problem of ADHD countrywide.

Backround: Periampullary diverticula are mucosal outpouchings of the duodenal wall containing or arising adjacent to the ampulla of Vater. There are various publications reporting that periampullary diverticulum has a negative effect on choledochal cannulation in Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and, moreover, it increases the complications of ERCP.\n Method: Medical records of 71 patients, who underwent ERCP during their follow-up for choledocholithiasis with biliary obstruction and mechanical icterus in Sevket Y?lmaz Training and Research Hospital, General Surgery Ward for both definitive diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, were scanned retrospectively, and the data from these records were examined.\nResults: No statistically significant difference was found in the rates of bile duct cannulation between the patients with or without diverticula (p=0.682). Also no statistically significant difference was found in the success rates (calculus extraction) between the patients with a normal periampullary anatomy and those with diverticula (p=0.999) either.\nConclusion: The presence of diverticula does not have a negative effect on the technical success in ERCP patients.

In this paper, we present the application of a hybrid technique combining the perturbation method with an iteration algorithm to find a numerical solution for pantograph type delay differential equations. Two types of algorithms, depending upon the order of derivatives in the Taylor series expansion, are proposed. The major advantage of the present method over the other perturbation methods is that, this method does not require a small perturbation parameter. The convergence of the iterations to the exact solutions is, on the other hand, relatively fast, and the results are accurate. The algorithm is tested on linear and nonlinear problems and the results are compared with those of other methods; the comparison shows that our solutions are highly efficient and reliable.

Abstract: Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a eukaryote transmitted to humans and other mammals by hematophagous arthropods of the genus Triatoma, Rhodnius and Panstrongylu. An important public health problem, especially in the outskirts of cities and in rural areas of Latin America where extreme poverty is prevalent. Originally endemic from Mexico to Argentina in the Americas, the disease has now spread to the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia due to greater mobility in the world. The aim of the present review was to compile the recent information about this disease by study Chagas disease and risk factors for its acquisition. A systematic search of the literature for articles about Chagas disease published in any language from 2000-2013 in PubMed, NCBI, CrossRef, Thomson Reuters, Mexico-EBSCO Information Services, and Elsevier. In each article two principal aspects were analyzed: the definition of the problem of Chagas disease and the methodology for tackling this problem. The principal risk factors for acquiring Chagas disease are the presence of domestic animals and the type of construction of houses, the altitude (>2,150 and <2,180 meters above sea level, lifestyle. Chagas disease is a parasitosis caused by biological, environmental, social, economic and cultural factors.

After careful review of Iran’s condition in constitutional period, in this paper we are trying to find the roots of failure of the democratic system after Iranian constitutional revolution. According to two fundamental issues of social and political structures in post-traditional discipline of Anthony Giddens, it can be realized that constitutional movement in Iran which is considered as a modern and democratic movement can be regarded as a rebel against the king not a social revolution occurred against the authoritarian structure. \nDue to unfavorable cultural and intellectual fields in Gajar, constitutional revolution in Iran couldn’t cause deep changes and dominate on undemocratic structure. Therefore, even after the constitutional movement, the previous social structure has existed.

This paper intends to present the application of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) on the design of high subsonic wing of transport aircraft. The computation was performed using RAMPANT, an unstructured, multigrid flow solver. A 2-D and 3-D model of the wing was created using CATIA (2D and 3D modeling). A corresponding grid was created using preBFC and TGrid. The paper describes the technique of creating the grid and using the CFD on the wing design process. It then discusses the benefits and penalties of using the above tools. Description is then given in using the aerodynamic analysis result to optimize the wing. It concludes with a discussion of the results and recommendations for future work.