Samples were isolated from kombucha tea simbiosis and highest cellulase producers were selected and identified as Candida sp and Bacillus sp. Maximum enzyme activity measured at 9.5 and 60°C for Candida sp SNK-5, Bacillus sp SAK-5 showed maximum enzyme activity at 9.0 and 40°C. Cellulase of Candida sp. SNK-8 had 100 % residual activity at pH 9. Cellulase of Bacillus sp SAK-5 had 100 % residual activity at pH 7.0. Cellulase of Candida sp. SNK-8 was retained 100% residual activity at 30°C and it has shown 85% residual activity at 40°C for cellulase activity. Cellulase of Bacillus sp. SAK-5 has shown 0 residual activity at 40°C and stable between 30°C -50°C but activity decreased at above 50°C. CaCl2, Na2SO3 and SDS stimulated enzyme activity.

Aim: Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) was recently described as a cardiovascular complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are many studies on the prevalence of PHT in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD); however, there are no data on the presence or prevalence of PHT in patients with early-stage kidney disease. \n\nMaterials and Methods: The demographic and laboratory findings for 172 adult patients with stage 1-5 CKD, as well as Doppler echocardiographic findings were evaluated. Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) was compared according to CKD stage, and also between the patients in stages 1-4 and those in stage 5 with and without AVF. \n\nResults: Mean age of the patients was 55.4 ± 15.2 years. Mean sPAP in the entire study group was 34.5 ± 5.7 mmHg and PHT was noted in 90 (52.3 %) patients. Mean sPAP and the prevalence of PHT were similar in the stage 1-4 patients and stage 5 patients, regardless of HD (P=0.86). The serum calcium level was significantly lower and the serum intact parathyroid hormone level was significantly higher in patients with PHT than in those without PHT (P = 0.02, and P = 0.03).\nConclusion: The present findings show that the prevalence of PHT in patients with early stage CKD was similar to those with stage 5 CKD. Due to the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with PHT, follow-up of sPAP via Doppler echocardiography might be indicated in all patients with CKD.

Purpose: To evaluate the rate of isolation and susceptibility of uropathogen microorganisms to antibiotics in patients diagnosed with genitourinary tract or prostate infections at our region. \nMethods: The patients who were prediagnosed with urogenital tract infections were evaluated by the microbiology department via a urogenital infection panel. Ejaculate was used for patients prediagnosed with prostatitis and the urinary sample was used for patients prediagnosed with a UTI. Of the 2,334 patients who had genitourinary tract or prostate infections, 484 were diagnosed via a microbiological analysis (146 females and 338 males). The statistical analysis were performed by Student’s t-test and likelihood ratio tests. \nResults: Sixty-two of 124 pathogen microorganisms were U. Urealyticum(50%) while 41 were E. Coli (33%)(p=0.034). There was no significant difference between the age groups with relation to U. Urealyticum positivity in the male patients(p=0.283). E. Coli positivity was significantly higher in the male patients over 50 years old when compared with the other age groups(p=0.001). No significant differences were demonstrated regarding U. Urealyticum(p=0.072) or E. Coli(p=0.444) positivity in the female patients by their age groups. The susceptibility, intermediate susceptibility, and resistance rates of the U. Urealyticum bacteria to antibiotics were similar in both urine and ejaculate samples and sexes. The beta lactamase enzyme was found to be positive in 6(15%) of the 41 E. Coli-positive patients. \nConclusions: Results of this study demontrated that the rate of isolated U. Urealyticum does not differ by male age, and E. Coli can be isolated especially in the male patients over the age of 50. In the female patients, isolations rates of both microorganisms were similar. Also the antibiotic susceptibility rates were similar in the male and female patients in our study, which indicates that gender did not play a significant role in the rate of susceptibility against nine of the evaluated antibiotics. However, Ureaplasma Urealyticum was isolated more commonly in sexually active age groups, this was not statistically significant. Further studies are needed to evaluate the rates of sexual transmission of the infections due to Ureaplasma Urealyticum.

DFT calculations were performed for a series of compounds of the type MPhxLy(CF3)zCF3, (where M= Pb, Sn, Ge; L= Cl, OAc; x+y+z= 3). The quantum chemical calculation of group electronegativities, hardness and softness of these compounds were carried out and these values compared with 19F NMR spectroscopy data. A good correlation between NMR spectroscopy data and group electronegativities and hardness was found. All the calculations were performed using the B3PW91 functional together with the LanL2DZ basis set.

This study measures and analyses the health proactive attitudes and behaviours of South African managers and then compares it to prior studies that have been done in United States of America to determine if South Africans (as a developing economy) compares favourably regarding proactive health with a noted first world country such as the United States of America. Three major areas of change are explored, namely: healthcare and delivery; construction of medical aid packages; and information availability. The study employed a validated and tested questionnaire from the United States of America to gather the data from managers in selected areas of South Africa. Data from 180 respondents were captured and analysed. The respondents were demographically profiled and the relationships between the demographic variables and proactive behaviour analysed. Limited correlations were found. In comparing the results to the United States of America counterparts, the analysis showed that the tendencies are similar regarding proactive attitudes and behaviour between South African managers and the results of a similar study in the United States of America.

Background: acne vulgaris, is one of the most common skin disorders. Previous studies about the role of smoking in the pathogenesis of acne reported contradictory results. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoking and acne vagaries in females .\n\nMethods: a case-control study was performed during the period [ January – June 2014 ]. A questionnaire was administrated to the patients at dermatology clinics , Riyadh (KSA). Controls were matched to the cases. The ratio cases-controls was 1:1 Odds Ratio (OR ) and the relative 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were assessed. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.\n\nResults: 184 out 512 participants included in the study ( 92 case and 92 control).Median age of were 26-30 years.\n\nConclusions: the association between acne vagaries and smoking in females shows decreased risk with a statistically significant , the OR for the association acne - smoke was 0.43(0.23-0.8) .

BACKGROUND: Combination of proper medical history and physical examination is still the easiest and most reliable way to diagnose acute appendicitis. We can use ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) imaging in cases in whom we have difficulty to diagnose acute appendicitis in order to provide early surgical intervention. In this study, our aim was to compare the efficiency of ultrasound and CT in the diagnosis of appendicitis.\nMATERIAL-METHODS: Patients admitted to the emergency department hospital between January 2010- June 2014 with abdominal pain and 523 operated patients in emergency conditions with reliminary diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The demographic characteristics of the patients, the radiological methods used for the diagnosis and the pathology results were recorded on the study form for data collection. \nRESULTS: Five hundred and twenty three patients were enrolled in this study. Although USG performed all patients, CT performed only 173 patients. USG findings consistent with acute appendicitis in 58.3% of cases (n = 305), there were no findings suggestive of acute appendicitis in 41.7% (n = 218). CT findings consistent with acute appendicitis in 84.4% of cases, there were no findings suggestive of acute appendicitis in 15.6 %. When we compare pathology findings with USG reports, USG findings of appendicitis in favor of the 305 cases, 231 of them are found in the pathology report in accordance with appendicitis and was statistically significant (p <0.001). Compared with CT findings of pathology reports, CT findings of appendicitis in favor of the 146 cases, 133 of them were found consistent with the pathology report appendicitis and no statistically significant difference (p = 0.710).\nCONCLUSION: CT and USG are valuable in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. CT was more effective in complicated cases and in anatomical variations, but USG should be selected as the first imaging modality becasuse it is easy applicability, it is cheaper and does not contain radiation. After studies of low-dose CT scan, it can take place of USG. Further studies are needed.

The Norwegian Army has experienced a shift in challenges facing the soldiers during the last years. Norwegian soldiers in Afghanistan have experienced a growing amount of combat operations in which they have had to fire upon the enemy in order to kill him. Based upon this growing trend, it was of interest to investigate which factors may contribute to the willingness to kill. The research question in this paper was therefore which factors affect the Norwegian soldiers will to kill? In this article we investigate four different factors that may affect the willingness to kill in order to answer this question. These four factors were the role of the group, the role of the leader, the emotional distance to the enemy, and the degree of aggressive predisposition of the individual soldier. The informants in this paper were soldiers from a Norwegian Army Battalion. They all had participated in operations where they had to fire upon the enemy in order to kill. They were interviewed based upon the four previously mentioned factors. A semi-structured interview was used in order to collect data from the informants. The results from the interviews revealed that the role of the group was very important in order to increase the willingness to kill. The aggressive predisposition of the individual soldier was also found to be an important factor in order to increase the willingness to kill. However, neither the role of the leader nor the emotional distance to the enemy contributed to the soldier´s willingness to kill.

A theoretical investigation is carried out to examine the effects of volume fraction of nanoparticles, suction/injection and convective heat and mass transfer parameters on MHD stagnation point flow of water based nanofluids (Cu and Ag). The governing partial differential equations for the fluid flow, temperature and concentration are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The derived similarity equations and corresponding boundary conditions are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fehlberg fourth fifth order method. To exhibit the effect of the controlling parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction, skin friction factor, local Nusselt and local Sherwood numbers, numerical results are presented in graphical and tabular forms. It is found that the friction factor, heat and mass transfer rates are increase with magnetic field and suction/injection parameters