Objectives:\nLyme disease or Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a zoonotic infection, which is caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks, especially Ixodes species. The ticks inhabit woodland, moorland and woody or brushy pastures. LB is the most common vector-borne disease in temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. Mugla is located in the south-west region of Turkey, and its rural and urban areas have surrounded by rich forestry lands. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi and risk factors, among slaughterhouse staff and cattle breeders in Mugla.\nMaterials and Methods:\nThe study group consisted of livestock farmers and slaughterhouse workers in Mugla who are potentially exposed to tick bites. In total, a group of 410 peasants, situated in the different districts of Mugla, and 25 slaughterhouse workers, were examined. All participants were asked at interview to complete a questionnaire and peripheral blood samples were taken. A two step testing strategy was used. The sera were initially tested by ELISA (recomWell Borrelia IgG, Mikrogen, Germany) and positive and borderline samples were then analyzed by western blot (WB) (Mikrogen, Germany) \nResults:\nA total of 20 (4,6%) sera were determined as positive for IgG antibodies to B. burgdorferi by ELISA. Even though 12 of these 20 ELISA positive sera belonged to females, eight sera were males’. None of these 20 IgG-positive sera were reacted to B. burgdorferi antigens by WB. And WB-negative specimens were considered to be false positives. Therefore, seropositivity was evaluated as 0,0%. \nConclusion: \nOur survey demonstrated that the risk of LB in Mugla population was found to be remarkably low. If a disease state has a low prevalence in target population a positive result will most likely be a false-positive result. We suggest that the clinicians should be recommended against serological testing unless history, signs and symptoms support a conceivable pre-test probability of LB. For patients with a high pre-test requirement, accuracy of serological evaluation can be improved by using two-tiered assay approach.

Objectives: Laparoscopic surgery which includes laparoscopic cholecystectomy has \nimproved significantly in the recent years. Our objective is to develop methods that will \nfacilitate operations such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. And in this article, we will be \ntalking about modified laparoscopic hook developed by Dr. Hasan Börekci with the \nmentioned objective. \nMaterial and Method: In total, 21 patients with cholelithiasis was operated in order to \ncompare modified hook and classical hook in laparoscopic surgery. Classical hook was used \nfor laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations of 10 patients who did not have any acute \ncholecystitis attacks and who did not have any additional diseases. Modified hook was used \nfor laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations of 11 patients for whom elective operations was \nplanned, who had no history of acute cholecystitis attacks and who did not have any \nadditional diseases. For both groups, assessments for operating time, the quantity of drainage \nand gall bladder perforation were made. In addition, it was also considered whether there was \na transition from laparoscopy to open surgery. Then, results were statistically compared. \nResults: Below mentioned ( P ) values are obtained after the comparison between modified \nhook and classical laparoscopic hook: \n1- When the amount of drainages is compared P:0,004 < 0,005 \n2- When operating time is compared P:0,01 < 0,005 \n3- When hospital stay is compared P: 0,029 <0,005 \n The amount of drainages, operating time and duration of hospital stay comparison results \nstatistically support modified hook. \nConclusion: Upon this study we concluded that laparoscopic surgeons can safely replace \nclassical hook with modified hook for almost all operations performed with classical hook. \nModified hook’s end can be opened and closed by 4 stages, it can cut tissue from cleavage \nthrough cauterization even if it is closed and it can seal tissues smaller than 5 mm. Therefore, \nmodified hook is superior to classical hook. As seen in this study, modified hook has \ncontributed to significantly decrease operating time, amount of drainage and duration of \nhospital stay.

Abstract\n\n The aim of this work was to study the effect of colour and harvest date on the nitrate levels in a number of vegetables grown in the Jordan Valley. Beets, cabbage, carrots, onions, hot peppers, potatoes and radish cultivars with two different colours were grown conventionally in open field in the Jordan Valley, harvested at three dates( early, medium and late) and analyzed for their nitrate content by the cadmium reduction method. \n The results indicate that, in general, nitrate levels in these vegetables are similar to those grown in other parts of the world .The study revealed that the colour of vegetables has a highly significant (P<0.01) effect on their nitrate content except in the case of potatoes and hot peppers. Green cabbage leaves and the red- colour cultivars of onion bulbs, radish roots , beet roots and carrot roots have significantly ( P<0.05) higher nitrate content than their other- colour counterparts grown under the same field conditions. The harvest date of all vegetables, except potatoes, has a significant (P<0.05) effect on their nitrate content; Among all vegetables, radish roots have the highest (2512 mg/ kg ) overall average nitrate content, while onion bulbs have the lowest ( 99.0 mg/ kg ). The harvest date which gave the highest nitrate- content varied by the type of vegetable yet with no apparent consistent pattern .

Consumption of foods or drinks contaminated with antimony compounds that pollute the environment has potential health hazards. Antimony is used in many industries like the production of storage batteries, sheet and pipe metal as well as other important life industries. In addition, antimony is produced as a by-product of antimony smelting and phosphorus fertilizer production. Antimony causes environmental pollution affecting the human health through a persistent exposure to small doses for prolonged periods. The aim of this study is to throw light on the toxic changes of antimony on the histological structure of lumbar vertebrae in adult albino rat. \n A comparative analytic study was carried out on 60 adult male albino rats, weighing 205 – 240 grams, were divided into 3 groups; each of 20 rats. Group I was taken as control and lived in the same environment and drank water free from antimony , group II received antimony for 12 successive weeks and group III received the same dose of antimony daily for 24 successive weeks . In this work, antimony was given as antimony trioxide in a daily dose of 500 mg/ kg body weight which represented 1/40 of the known LD50. The antimony used in this study was administrated orally to the animals with drinking water. At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed; then, the lumbar vertebrae were dissected and excised. Histological sections were prepared and stained using haematoxylin and eosin as well as Van Gieson\'s stains and examined by light microscopy. In all specimens; the trabecular bone area is measured using computed image analyzer. \nThis study revealed histological changes in the lumbar vertebrae after exposure to antimony, including osteoporotic cavities both in the trabecular and cortical bones. The number of the fat cells increased in wide hypercellular marrow cavities of the lumbar vertebrae. Multinucleated osteoclasts appeared both in the trabecular bone and in the bone marrow cavities. All bone changes were more prominent with prolongation of the period of antimony exposure.\nIn conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that continuous daily oral administration of antimony trioxide for 12 and 24 successive weeks has hazardous toxic effects on the structure of lumbar vertebrae of adult male albino rats. It is recommended to avoid the use of antimony and its compounds in different industries as much as possible, to prevent contamination of air, soil, water and food with this environmental toxin that may influence the human health.

Surgical treatment of unstable fractures of thoracolumbar spine is controversial regarding short or long segment pedicle screw fixation. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the outcomes of short segment fixation versus two levels above and one level below fixation(Hybrid fixation) for unstable thoracolumbar junction fractures. The patients were divided into two groups according to the number of instrumented levels, and collected data retrospectively from March 2007 to June 2012 at Samsung Changwon Hospital. Group 1 included 57 patients treated with short segment fixation, whereas group 2 included 62 patients treated with hybrid fixation. Fractures were classified according to the Magerl, Denis and McCormack classifications. At the preoperative, 1 year follow up period, radiological outcomes (such as sagittal index, compression ratio of anterior body height, Cobb angle and local kyphosis angle) and clinical outcome of both groups were analyzed. In the aspect of both radiological (e.g. sagittal index, Cobb angle and local kyphosis angle), clinical outcomes (especially in pain), hybrid fixation group had better result than short segment fixation group. Conclusively, hybrid fixation is associated with favorable radiological and clinical outcomes in the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar fractures.

Background: Green tea polyphenols, as one nutritional antioxidant, reduce methotrexate hepatic oxidative stress effects. \nAim: The study aimed at determining the role of green tea in methotrexate mediated hepatotoxicity. \nMaterials and methods: 60 adult male Albino rats that were divided equally into 3 groups; the first group was injected intraperitoneally with normal saline at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight twice weekly for 9 weeks; the second was injected methotrexate hydrate intraperitoneally at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight twice weekly for 9 weeks, while the third one was received methotrexate as the second group in addition to green tea at an oral dosage of 36 mg/kg body weight/day in 0.2 mL distilled water for another 9 weeks. We measured serum total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, and albumin and calculate globulins\

Aim: Aim of the study is to evaluate between well differentiated thyroid carcinoma(WDTC) and multinodular goiter(MNG), to determine the incidence of cancer. \nMaterials and methods: During 5 years 284 patients underwent total thyroidectomy(TT) for MNG. Fine needle biopsy(FNAB) was negative in all cases. \nResults: The specimens pathological revealed the presence of a WDTC(18.6%). Prevalent histotype was the papillary one with a less than 1 cm diameter in almost the totality of cases but with nodes metastasis in the 1.8% of cases. \nDiscussion: In our study the WDTC prevalence was of 18.6% similar to literature. \nConclusion: The WDTC incidence is relevant; the prevalent histotype is papillary and nodes metastasis are present even if in a low percentage of cases.Besides the complications of TT are similar to conservative procedure. So we can claim the standard surgical treatments of MNG would be represented by TT.

This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of an adapted version of the “Attitudes toward People with Disabilities” scale developed by the Turkish Prime Ministry Administration of the Disabled. The survey was applied to 978 students in the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grade of four high schools in Ardahan province, Turkey. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed on the data obtained. Suitability of the model was tested with first and second level Confirmatory Factor Analysis and the final scale was structured with 20 items and 4 factors. Total variance of the scale was 52.71%, Cronbach alpha coefficient 0.88, and test-retest reliability coefficient 0.86. Based on significant correlation between all factors obtained from test-retest results, it was concluded that the model obtained was well-fitted.

TGF-?1 enhances the expression of apoptosis via the activation of Smads, which lead to more focal adhesions and increased ? smooth muscle actin (? SMA) organization in stress fiber. We examined whether silymarine (sil) alone or in combination with Taraxacum officinale (T. officinale) and/ or catechin (cate) plays a modulatory role against ? SMA, SMAD2 and SMAD3 hepatic levels induced by CCl4. Results revealed that CCl4 induced an increase in ? SMA and SMADs immune response reflected by hepatic degeneration with focal areas of strong intense immune positivity of the nuclei and cytoplasm of all hepatocytes using immunohistochemistry technique. Treatment with the fore mentioned natural products alone demonstrate moderate immune reactivity. Whereas treatment with the combination of the three mentioned antioxidants show mild immune reactivity of both cytoplasm and nuclei. Masson’s Trichrome staining demonstrate that CCl4 induce hepatic fibrosis showing marked deposition of fibrous tissue surrounding the classic hepatic lobules and multiple foci of fibrosis within the lobules. Treatment with the combination of T. officinale and/ or cate along with sil demonstrates disappearance of the abnormal fibrous tissue with prominent vascular wall connective tissue fibers. So this combination is a potential candidate for pharmaceutical development as antifibrogenic agent.

The composition and hygiene conditions determine the quality of milk. It is important for milk to be hygienic and free of bacteria that may cause any kind of food related infection for human health. Therefore in this study, 100 samples of raw milk were investigated for E.coli O157:H7 presence sold in Şanlıurfa city center and affiliated villages by real-time PCR (qPCR). The conventional culturing, immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and real-time PCR methods were used for the isolation and identification of E.coli O157:H7. E.coli strains have been isolated using culturing method from 27 (27%) of the analyzed 100 raw milk samples and 5 (5%) of the isolated strains were identified as E.coli O157:H7 by real-time PCR method. The E.coli O157:H7 rate was determined as 1.92% for sheep’s milk and 8.3% for cow’s milk. In conclusion, raw milk may be a source of foodborne infection and may generate epidemics if not considered. Considering the high consumption of cow’s milk in our country, the risk seems higher with non-pasteurized cow’s milk, which brings a cause of a serious health issue to mind.

This study sought to investigate the effect of project-based method on students’ achievement in Government curriculum in senior secondary schools in Nsukka Education Zone of Enugu State. It is a quasi-experimental study of non-equivalent group design .Two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A sample of 166 students from four purposively selected secondary schools in Nsukka Education Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria were used for the study. Multiple Choice Government Achievement Test (MCGAT) was developed, validated and used for data collection. The instrument (MCGAT) was trial-tested using Kudder-Richardson (K-R20) which established a reliability index of 0.95 which warranted its use for the study. Mean was used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used for testing the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that students performed significantly better in Government curriculum when exposed to project-based method than conventional lecture method. It was also found that male and female students’ achievement using project-based method, do not differ significantly. It was concluded that if project-based method is adopted in teaching Government curriculum in senior secondary schools, students’ achievement would improve. The study recommended among others that curriculum designers should recommend project-based method as one of the practical and participatory methods to the study of Government.

The purpose of the present work is analyzing the natural frequencies of the spring supported FGM beam against the lateral motion at the ends for the various values of support stiffness by using the force transmissibility parameter with the finite-element method and Lagrange’s equations. The problem is solved within the framework of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. For the convergence study, some of the results are compared with previous works’ values, and a good agreement can be seen. The study concludes that the support stiffness, volume fraction coefficient and ratio of young module level all strongly affect the natural frequencies and the force transmissibility.

Background: \nDue to the complexity of schistosomiasis epidemic and the inconstancy of Oncomelania snail distribution, the epidemic of schistosomiasis in Yangtze River beach areas has attracted considerable attention for, on the one hand, the inaccuracy and low reproducibility of snails spots via traditional method of snail survey, and too heavy a overload for field survey on the other, which contribute to the inadequate performance in current field work. Accordingly, this study aims to develop a more scientific approach to field survey based on the practice in urban river beaches of Yangtze River in Hubei Province, P. R. China. \nMethods:\nFirstly, the study ferrets among popular and free software and equipment via internet search engines, and compares their availability across a spectrum of indicators. Then, appropriate software and equipment are adopted and applied to this validation study so as to improve the procedures of and techniques in field survey. The validation scheme is carried out in Jiang’an District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. Finally, a comparison between this study and traditional approach will be done in terms of accuracy, efficiency, the ability of geographic mapping of information and figures, data sharing, and economic effectiveness. \nResults:\n1. Google earth, BaseCamp, and Picasa are adopted and applied to the trial beach area. 2. All procedures involved in the preparation before field survey, field work implementation, and data processing after field survey are refined and improved in this study so as to achieve accuracy and economic effectiveness as well as time and manpower economization. 3. The preliminary test conducted in the trial beach area confirms the feasibility of hits validation study, with the actual workload, snail distribution and environment database conveniently mapped and available. To make it more specific, the procedure adopted in this study greatly improves the economic effectiveness of the snail control, with a cost of 1/6 of that by traditional procedure in comparison. \nConclusions:\nThe results confirm the feasibility of global positioning system and images acquisition techniques in snail survey of river beach areas, which can quickly locate high-risk areas, and retrieve all important data needed so as to provide detailed and up-to-date information on the performance for snail control. More importantly, the study improves the accuracy and reproducibility of snail sites, as well as efficiency and effectiveness of snail control.

Background: Vegetables play important roles in human nutrition, apart from the fact that they derive most of their recommended daily needs of mineral and vitamins from them, they are good as medicinal option. Diabetic, obesity and anemia have become public health problems and concern. Since there are traditional plants that can be used for the management of these conditions at lower cost, such as Solanum aethiopicum (SA), and Irvingia gabonensis (IG). It is therefore very pertinent to scientifically find out their effects on selected biochemical indices of alloxan induced diabetic rats. \nMethodology: Seven groups of 5 rats each were studied: group 1 was control, groups 2-4 and 5-7 were administered graded diets of SA and IG. Blood glucose levels and weight were monitored as well as lipid profile and heamatological indices analyzed using standard methods. Data were presented in percentages and analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncans multiple range test at p < 0.05. \nResults: Blood sugar decreased in all the treated rats by (41.38-65.14)%. Serum cholesterol levels decreased in all the treated groups by (9.01- 67.25)% and was (p < 0.05). There was decrease in Low density lipoprotein level by (1.60 – 23.53)% except those fed 5g and 15g SA. There was increase in high density lipoprotein levels for all the treated rats (3.30-94.55)%. Packed cell volume increased in all groups of rats except for those of 5g/BW SA diet. Red blood cell increased generally except for rats fed 5g/kgBW (IG and SA respectively). The white blood cell increased in all groups of rats (1.78-15.15)% except the group fed 5g/BW SA. Body weight loss was observed in all the treated rats by (2.53-17.18)%. The various mean values of the treated rats’ parameters were significant (p < 0.05) different with the control. \nConclusion: In conclusion, SA and IG had nutritive and medical potentials that modulated blood glucose levels, body weights, lipid profiles and heamatological parameters.

Objective: To investigate the operative mortality and mid-term (up to eight years) results of mechanical valve replacement.\n\nMethods: Retrospective data analysis of 140 consecutive patients who underwent mechanical valve replacement. The early and late morbidity and mortality were analyzed at our institution, from January 2007 to December 2014.\n\nResults: Hospital mortality was 2.1% (3 patients). Complications recorded during the follow up study include: prosthetic valve endocarditis (2.9%), bleeding (2.9%), stroke (1.4%), and reoperation (.7%). No structural valvular dysfunction and no valvular thromboses were reported.\n\nConclusion: Our data show that valves replacement with mechanical valve may be performed with low morbidity and mortality

As the loss of three or more pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation is generally defined recurrent miscarriage. Parental chromosomal translocations, thrombophilic gene polymorphisms, autoimmune factors, uterine, endocrine factors associated with recurrent miscarrige (RM). It has been a very common practice to hold responsible the hereditary thrombophilias that include Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin G20210A gene mutation, Protein S/Protein C/Antithrombin deficiency and MTHFR mutations in the pathogenesis of RM. All patients were took a full genetic analysis; full genetic examination and pedigree drawing was done to exclude known nonchromosomal causes of the anomaly. Cytogenetic analysis was done for 635 patients. The study included peripheral lymphocyte culture by a standard method using Leishmann-banding technique, centromere-banding (C-banding), and nucleolar organizing region staining was done when needed. We used pyrosequencing to genotype 392 individuals. Pure genomic DNA from EDTA anticoagulated blood was isolated either by use of the semiautomated Qiagen EZ1 Advanced XL instrument with the QIAamp blood kit (Qiagen). 392 males and females were tested for four types of hereditary thrombophilia’s; MTHFR C677T/1298 polymorphisms, FV Leiden G1691A mutation and Prothrombin G20210A mutation. Among these, 152 of the men or women did not carry any of these mutations.

Positive School Climate is important as it has a facilitating role in helping all groups of a school community reach their aims and in creating satisfaction and also one of the most efficient ways to make schools safer and more successful and supportive is to create a positive school climate. Studies looking into the effects of school processes on student achievement reveal that such processes explain the student achievement to a large extent. In this respect, it is significant to look into the climate of the schools that successful and unsuccessful students in PISA2012 attend to. Positive school climate considerably contributes to outcomes and results of education. In this respect, it is significant to identify the school climate features of school that successful and unsuccessful students in PISA exam attend to. Therefore, this study aims to describe the climate of school that unsuccessful (1st and 2nd group) and successful (5th and 6th group) students of Asian countries in PISA 2012 maths exam attend. This research is a descriptive study and employs survey model. Extreme case sampling is used by achievement groups of students. The study draws its data from the views of students and school principals and looks into safety, relationships and teaching-learning dimensions of school climate. Data is drawn from the student and school questionnaires used in PISA 2012 by OECD. This study looks into successful and unsuccessful school climate features through dimensions of safety, relations and teaching-learning. The main finding of the current research is that successful schools mostly have more positive school climate features in safety, relations and teaching-learning dimensions compared to unsuccessful schools whereas unsuccessful schools have some positive features of school climate. However, when percentages of students and principal views are taken into consideration, unsuccessful schools have more negative school climate compared to successful schools in all dimensions. The current study and other studies present evidence that positive school climate supports student achievement. Thus it is needed to enhance the positive aspects of school climate and emphasize that student achievement does not only depend on his/her own endeavour but an environment in which the students are. When one considers that school climate creates synergistic effect on student achievement, it is required that each school should systematically concentrate its improvement activities on all the dimensions of school climate and perpetuate its endeavours.

Background\\aims: Since cerebrovascular diseases cause prominent loss of functioning among its survivors, these patients also require long term assistance and care. Determine the nursing care needs of acute cerebrovascular disease patients in the intensive care unit and the nursing interventions provided for them.\nMaterial and methods: In this retrospective study, the cohort method was used. The sample consisted of 43 patient files admitted with the diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular disease. Data was obtained by the researchers through the examination of nursing observation and record forms. \nResults: The mean age of the patients was 64.21 ± 15.16. Among 43 patients, total length of hospital stay was 539 days, and the mean length was 12.5 days. Nurses regularly recorded body temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiration, O2 saturation, intake-output, and hourly urine. \nConclusion: Documenting nursing care is necessary for obtaining knowledge and managing nursing care. While nurses regularly and fully record medicine applications and vital sign monitoring results, the records pertaining to their care interventions are insufficient. Nursing records should be organized and full in order to ensure the continuity of the care provided and to increase the quality of care.

Abstract :\nColorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer across all age groups in Saudi Arabia. This study aim to assess sub mucosal invasion of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) using Computed Tomography (CT) and histopathology result to provide database to reduce the danger of cancer spread to rest of the patients body in Taif City , Saudi Arabia. Method: Retrospective study was performed in the period from 1\\6\\1436 to 1\\3\\1437 h ,data taken from fifty patients\' medical records of colorectal cancer. referred from Medical and Surgical Departments in King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital after physical examination. Taif City. Tool of the study: An observation checklist was designed for data collection from medical records age , gender , symptoms , cancer site and distribution of cancer extension in sub mucosal layer by CT and histopathology results were analyzed using Social Program and Scientific Synthesis(SPSS). Result : Colorectal carcinoma is predominant among male relative to female with a percentage of (57.2% , 48.8%) respectively , most involved segment for carcinogenesis was rectum (64.3%).The common histological type of rectal carcinoma is an adenocarcinoma (28%) Conclusion and Recommendation: Colorectal cancer presents in younger ages and the incidence increased as compared to data reported in previous local studies in Saudi Arabia. Educating the public about risk factors, symptoms and screening methods of colorectal cancer will help people to protect themselves. Further studies with large samples size are indicated to confirm these findings .

The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of Wagner rule for seven developing countries of Europe and Central Asia (ECA) over the period 1996-2014. In this study, the validity of Wagner rule is examined using panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) methods, and Granger causality tests. In the econometric estimations, Peacock-Wiseman (1961) and Goffman (1968) versions of Wagner rule are considered. According to FMOLS and DOLS estimations, a 1 percent increase in real GDP per capita is associated with a 0.75 and 0.86 percent increase in government spending, respectively. Since the parameters are smaller than unity, the versions of Peacock-Wiseman (1961) and Goffman (1968) of Wagner rule is not hold for developing ECA countries. However, panel Granger causality test results show unidirectional causality running from real GDP (real GDP per capita) to government spending.

The purpose of this preliminary study was to define the vertical migration pattern in the dinoflagellate community in the reservoir. The monitoring of migrations of the determined dinoflagellates was performed in a 24 hour sampling period, with 3 hour intervals, in the stratified water column conditions during when no water discharge occurred in the reservoir. Despite variable physical environment we were able to follow vertical migrations of some autotrophic dinoflagellate species in the period of water column and times. Over the 24 hour period, the Peridiniun cinctum biovolume increased during the day with concentrations peaking in the late afternoon (13:00 pm) in the upper 1 m of the water column. Among the determined 3 species, Peridinium cicntum and Peridiniopsis cunningtonii were found as the dominant taxa in the reservoir while, Ceratium hirundinella was sampled in low numbers in 1 and 5 mt depths. The measurements showed that Peridinium and Peridiniopsis species were present in high numbers during evening hours and in water coloumn towards water surface. While a significant positive relationship was found between Peridiniun cinctum and Dissolved oxygen and water temperature and between, Peridiniopsis cunningtonii and Chlorophyll_a, a negative relationship was found between Ceratium hirundinella and physiochemical parameters.

Cloud computing offers various benefits, such as cost effectiveness, to cloud service consumers, but it is not sufficiently immune to cyber security threats. Although various studies have been conducted to propose security models in e-commerce, establishing online consumer trust by combining key gateway elements to bolster security in cloud-based e-commerce has not been conclusive. This paper develops a fresh intelligent hybrid security model, which integrates Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), supplemented by the evidential reasoning of Page Ranking (PR) for cloud-based e-commerce. The Page Ranking Analytical Hierarchy Process (PRAHP) model assesses a sample of 10 cloud-based websites and extracts real life data through five security attributes, such as policy, adaptive legislation, etc. The model’s algorithms are evaluated in both private and public cloud environments, and the results obtained are validated through consumers’ comments, including testing effects of inbound links adjustments on PRAHP. The results of the experiments revealed that the proposed model is robust enough to provide useful and trusted information for security decisions regarding cloud-based transactions in e-commerce.

Abstract:The present investigation was planned to study the effect of some precursors and phytohormons on the development and secondary metabolites synthesis (steroids and glycosides) from Khalas and Sukari varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) through tissue culture technique, where date palm accumulating wide range of different chemicals in their tissues. Steroids, phenolics and glycosides compounds were Separated and identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, cholesterol is an important steroid was used in many growth and development processes and all metabolites have been attributed to have nutritional and health benefit value in the human diet and cholesterol is one of typical animal sterols has recently been found among plants and It should be notice that the obtain chromatograms represent not only the steroids but also all the compounds in the extracts. Offshoots were taken from adult of khalas and sukari were cultured on culture media were contained different concentrations of 2,4-D,2ip and BA where The highest percentages of callus production 22.5, 21.23, 20.25, and 19.55 were recorded with shoot tip, and primordial leaf explants with 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 3 mg/l 2iP and 5 mg/l BA with Shoot tip. And primordial leaf of Khalas and Sukari of date palm cultivars showed the best organ tissue for callus production, while The maximum cells number was 5.13 with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D +1.0 mg/l 2iP + 3 mg/l NAA. Meanwhile the steroid formation was responded differently to the different IBA concentration (0.0, 0.2and 0.4) used in this study where Steroid formation reaching its maximum value with 0.4 mg/l IBA concentrations which stimulated steroid formation compared with the control 0mg/l IBA.Also different concentrations of Casein hydrolysate (0,1,2,3 and 4g/l) were studied for achievement and accumulation of total steroid, phenolic and other compounds in cell cultures of shoot tips and primordial leaves of Khalas and Sukari date palm cultivars where the maximum values of total phenolic compound 3.4(mg/g F.W) was recorded with 2g/l Casein hydrolysate Also fresh and dry weights (g/flask), and dry matter content (%) as indictor for cell growth parameters were recorded. the pest results of fresh weight 5.05 (g/ flask); dry weight 0.74 (g/ flask) and dry matter content 8.5 (%) from shoot tip explants and Khalas date palm cultivar showed the best results compared with Sukari cultivar.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relation of MPV and the coronary artery disease severity determined by Gensini score in patients with coronary artery disease. \nMethods: 159 Patients admitted to our cardiology center with anginal symptoms and 41 patients with no coronary lesions angiographically were included in our study. Patinets with coronary artery disease were divided to four subgrous as; STEMI, NSTEMI, USAP and SAP. The relation between the severity of coronary artery disease determined by Gensini score and the MPV was investigated by correlation analyses . \nFindings: The highest MPV value was found in NSTEMI group among all groups. When Gensini scores of the patients diagnosed as acute coronary syndrome were estimated the value was found in NSTEMI group. But there was no correlation between Gensini score and MPV.\nConclusion: In conclusion a scoring system that can evaluate the coronary artery disease severity, plaque loading and hemodynamically significant lesions sinultaneously is needed. By such a scoring system the association between MPV and coronary artery disease severity may be evaluated more accurately. So more large scale studies are needed to evaluate this association.

Cloud computing is a new emerging computing paradigm of the future. Data retrieval is a fundamental requirement of any computing environment. In the cloud environment, the database is maintained at the server and it is read or updated upon request by multiple users. While the items are being read, many resources are updating the database at the server. Such concurrent transactions need to be controlled so as to maintain consistency and to reduce the staleness of data received by the mobile clients. Through effective load balancing, replication and priority setter, it is possible to provide acceptable performance in a cloud environment for read requests and write updates, even with many number of client transactions. This paper proposes RECDAL that analyzes about sharing of load between replicated servers with read and write requests, as well as control concurrency between update transaction and the read transaction using Prioritized Operations Manager (POM) so as to maintain consistency and currency (minimizing staleness) and it control concurrency between client transactions.

Numerical model of two-phase flow through porous media is involved in many branches of science and engineering, including groundwater hydrology, soil science, reservoir problems in petroleum engineering, storage of radioactive or chemical wastes, etc. Two-phase flow consists of two flowing fluids, which do not interchange mass and do not have reaction with the solid matrix. The equations governing the two-phase flow of fluids are special cases of general balance laws. From numerical point of view, due to the high nonlinearity of the governing equations and their strong coupling, the simulation provides a challenging numerical problem, even when simplifying assumptions are invoked. A new numerical scheme based on the dual reciprocity method – multi domain (DRM-MD) for the numerical simulation is presented. The efficiency of the method is proved on one and two dimensional two-phase flow examples.

Background: Ficus capensis is a traditional leafy vegetable consumed partly as ingredient in soups and porridges and partly as blood tonic for the aqueous extract in some parts of Enugu state Nigeria. This study was aimed to evaluate nutrient and bioactive components of aqueous extract of shade dried leaves of Ficus capensis. \nMethodology: The extract was prepared using 150g pulverized shade dried leaf in 1.5L of boiling water for 5 minutes. The filtrate was sieved through a muslin cloth. The proximate, micronutrients, antinutrient and phytochemical composition were determined. Analyses of various constituents were based on standard methods. Statistical analysis adopted were means and standard deviation of the mean. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to separate and compare means. \nResult: The proximate constituents were significantly higher (p<0.05) in dried sample than in the extract on dry weight basis. Carbohydrate and fibre values were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the dried sample (carbohydrate: 79% vs 72%, fibre: 1.78% vs 0.0%). Ash, fat and protein were significantly higher in the extract. Vitamins were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the dried sample relative to the aqueous extract. Vitamin C values were 2.38mg/vs 0.99mg to aqueous extract. Iron and copper values were comparable in both the dried and the aqueous samples. Oxalate value in dry sample and aqueous extract were 5.54mg and 4.87mg respectively. The values for flavonoids in dry sample and aqueous extract were 2.70mg vs 2.59mg. Alkaloids had 3.32mg vs 2.88mg and sapponins were 1.29mg vs 0.99mg, respectively. \nConclusion: The relatively high levels of phytochemicals in aqueous extract of Ficus capensis showed its chemical potentials. Further clinical studies is however recommended to determine safety of consumption.

The relationship between capital market development and inflow of FDI is well documented in literature. Documented evidence from Europe and American capital markets has been in affirmation of this thesis. However, a few similar studies conducted in Africa are largely country-specific and others marginalise various measurable indicators of capital markets. Using data generated through the World Bank databases for the six largest (and oldest) capital markets in Africa in a series of econometric techniques, this study reinforces the strength of capital market development and country’s attractiveness to inflow of FDI both in the short and in the long run.

This study examines the relationship among health capacity, female learning and infant transience in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) Countries for the periods of 1999 to 2014 using secondary annual time series data which were obtained from World Bank database, 2014. The data were analyzed using Dynamic Panel System-Generalized Methods of Moment (DP-SGMM) technique. The results of the study showed that female literacy has negative and significant impact on infant mortality rate while health expenditure has positive and insignificant effect on infant mortality rate. The study concludes that female literacy has negative and significant influence on infant mortality rate while the health facility has no significant effect on infant mortality rate in SSA countries.