?t has been found that the plant materials using for different purposes(feed, food and medical) in the Azerbaijan conditions one of the habitatns for fungi. It were noted in the research that Aspergillus flavus Link, A. ochraeus K. Wilh., Cladosporium herbarium (Pers.) Link, fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld., F. oxysporum schltdl., Penicillium citrinum thom., Cyclopium Wrestling have been included in the dominant species of toxigenic mycobiota and their prevalence frequency are chaninging between 45.5-57.2%, but phytotoxigenic activity chainging between 36.3-57.2%.

The world is witnessing sharp changes in all the walks of life encompassing science, technology and industry. Approximately, all the countries are exposed to various risks of natural atrocities i.e. earthquakes, volcanoes and floods in addition to financial crisis. Hence demographic changes in civic management and administration are bound to take place. In view of its importance, the Ministry of Higher Education acceded to some Saudi universities to support and follow-up in this field more vigorously than before. In this connection, the researcher’s contribution and participation had a vital role in the Standing Committees of Security and Safety at the Majmaah University. The researcher hereby submits his thesis work under the topic of \"Risk Management in Educational Institutions\" under the following topics: Risk Management, Risk Assessment and Developing Strategies to cope with, Risk Management Strategies in Educational Institutions, The Future Vision for Risk Management in the Educational Institutions (Universities), Findings and Recommendations

This study was conducted to determine the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Pb in the liver and muscle tissues of Dasyatis pastinaca and Gymnura altavela species caught in the Iskenderun Bay and to evaluate the wellbeing dangers connected with their utilization. The levels of metals were in the order Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Cd>Cr in the liver samples; Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Mn>Cd in the muscle samples for Gymnura altavela. The levels of metals were in the order Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Mn>Cd in the liver samples; Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Mn>Cd in the muscle samples for Dasyatis pastinaca. . From the human wellbeing perspective, the Pb, Cd and Cr value in the muscle of Dasyatis pastinaca and Gymnura altavela may be considered as an essential issue for human wellbeing.

Abstract:\nRheumatoid arthritis (RA) it is a model of multigenic inflammatory disorder in which tumor necrosis\nfactor-? (TNF-?) plays an important role. Genetic factors may be implicated in the susceptibility to\ndisease initiation .Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate putative association between the\n?308 G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the TNF-? gene and ?196M/R polymorphism of\nTNFRII genes and susceptibility to disease onset of RA.Methods: A total of 160 RA patients and a\ncontrol group of 40 healthy subjects with were available for the study. All patients fulfilled the American\nCollege of Rheumatology revised criteria for RA , Polymorphisms (SNPs) at position _308 of TNF and\n_196 of TNFRII genes were determined using restrictionfragment length polymorphism–polymerase\nchain reaction (PCR–RFLP).Results: The A allele of the _308 promoter polymorphism was more\nprevalent among the patients. 308GA genotype of TNF-a is associated with a significantly higher serum\nTNF-level. TNFRII 196R allele more prevalent among the patients .Conclusion:Our findings suggest that\nthe A allele of TNF-? and TNFRII 196M/R polymorphism are associated with RA susceptibility.

In Saudi Arabia, blood donation is performed in hospitals and blood collected from replacement and volunteer donors. Blood transfusion carries risks, but also has life-saving benefits. In the past several years there was an increasing in the concern of safety of blood transfusion, which helps for the remarkable improvements in the safety of the blood supply. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of many transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTDs), including hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), ‬ human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and human T-lymphotropic virus (HDLV) infections among voluntary and replacement Saudi and non-Saudi, male and female blood donors in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. The result of this study showed that, 8820 of the blood donors whose records were examined, 1.7% had transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTDs). The majority of positively tested blood units were obtained from male donors. In addition, the overall prevalence of HBsAg was the highest 47% compared to the other infection viruses; HCV (30.2%), HIV (3.4%), VDRL (16.1%) and HDLV (2.7%). This study also revealed that the prevalence of HBsAg positivity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among Saudi donors compared to non-Saudi. While, the VDRL infection was higher among non-Saudi donors.

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) has turned into an energizing and essential innovation as of late in view of the fast expansion of wireless gadgets. MANETs are highly vulnerable against attacks because of the progressively topology changing of network, the absence of centralized point for monitoring and open medium. The different attacks against mobile nodes are Warm hole, Byzantine attack, Packet Dropping, Black hole and flooding so on. It is vital to look new architecture and networks to ensure the wireless networks and the application of mobile computing. IDS (Intrusion Detection System) devices are reasonable for distinguishing these attacks. IDS examine the network exercises by method for review information and use examples of surely understood attacks or ordinary profile to recognize potential attacks. In this paper, a hybrid framework to predict the intruding nodes in the MANET routing protocols. This framework is composed of three stages. The first stage of the framework is used to reduce the number of features of KDD CUP dataset which consists of six types of Denial of Service attacks by Hybridizing the Information Gain and Relative Reduct then optimal or reduced dataset is obtained. And in the second stage of the framework and Ant Colony Optimization is used for generating the rule structure for the six types of DoS attacks using reduced features. In the second stage, from the reduced dataset (optimal dataset), Naïve Bayes classification is used to classify the features into two category i.e Known attacks category and unknown attacks category. And a rule structure is generated by ACO for known as well as unknown attacks. And in the final stage, Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference System is used to predict the behavior of the nodes in the MANET.

Background: Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare, benign primary bone tumor. The cervical spine is an uncommon site for this tumor, with only 11 reported cases to date and one involving the first cervical vertebra (C1). \n Case Report: Female patient, 28-year-old presented with cervical pain. Feeling body numbness on moving the head, no weakness of upper or lower limbs, Radiographic imaging demonstrated lytic lesion contrast enhanced in C1, with a punched-out appearance and extending to the anterior arch. A postero-lateral were performed to resect the tumor followed by occipito-cervical fixation. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of CMF. At 6 months, the patient remains disease free with excellent spinal stability. \nConclusion: \n Radical resection of the cervical tumor is better to prevent recurrence .

Problem Statement: During the last years, Norwegian soldiers have been facing an increasing number of situations in which they had to exert aggression and aggression control. In any type of war, the psychological aspect of aggression and aggression control is perhaps the most demanding for a soldier. Purpose of Study: To investigate the education of soldiers in order to cope with aggression and aggression control. Methods: Respondents from a professional Norwegian Army battalion were interviewed via email in order to answer whether the soldiers in the battalion were properly trained in aggression, that is, the ability to kill, and in aggression control, that is, self-awareness and self-control. Findings and Results: Statements from the respondents revealed that there were only small deviations between how the theory outlines that aggression and aggression control should be educated and how it was exercised in the battalion. The battalion was found to exercise in depth stress management and was found to implement aggression control at an earlier stage than the theory outlined. Respondents said they had not experienced paralysis in their soldiers and they had not seen anyone lose their temper, even in situations which in theory could evoke hatred. All respondents said that they felt that their unit was well educated in aggression and aggression control before deploying to international operations. Conclusion and recommendations: A conclusion is therefore that by training on extreme situations the soldiers of the battalion were properly educated both in aggression and aggression control.