Fetal fluids are important in preventing mechanical shock to the developing fetus during the entire gestation. Amniotic and allantoic fluids are actively involved in constant exchange of biochemical substance between fetus and maternal circulation. Hence, the knowledge, regarding changes in the composition of the fetal fluid, is important for understanding fetal metabolism and diagnosis of pathological conditions during gestation. A study was conducted in forty gravid sheep uteri. \nThe four stages of gestation as Stage I (30-60 days), Stage II (61-90 days), Stage III (91-120 days) and Stage IV (121 to term) were identified based on crown anus length of the embryo/fetus. The amniotic and allantoic fluids collected from the gravid uteri of each group were subjected to biochemical analysis of glucose, albumen, total protein, urea and creatinine. \nThe levels of glucose, total protein, urea and creatinine were increased in the amniotic fluid with gestation. The concentration of glucose, urea and creatinine were increased with pregnancy in the allantoic fluid, while those of total protein were decreased. \nAllantoic fluid had significantly higher concentration of total protein and creatinine in all the four stages of gestation than amniotic fluid.

Specific reference intervals are needed for each animal species for the appropriate interpretation of the results obtained from serum biochemical and haematological tests. The aim of this study was to determine ranges of Haematological and Biochimical parameters of pure-bred Arabian and Barbe mares to evaluate the need for defining reference values for different breed groups.\n20 clinically healthy mares from one farms (Chaouchaoua HARAS-Tiaret. Algeria) were assigned to tow groups. Groups 1 and 2 comprised 10 Arabian Mares and 10 Barbe Mares. Glucose, urea, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Gamma Transferase (GT), Creatinine phospho kinase (CPK), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K) concentrations were measured in the blood serum samples. \nHaematological profil were assigned, red blood cell parameters (MCV, MCH, MCHC), number of leucocytes and the percentage of their respective kinds, platelets. There were significant Breed-related alterations for most of the biochemical and Haematological parameters, except for : AST, CPK, RBC, Hb, Fibrinogen.\nThe results of the present study indicate that the breed influences some of the resting haematological and biochemical indices in adult Mares. Barbe Mares used for reproduction have higher performences capacity and show a more beneficial adaptation for the Algerian envirenment compared to Pure Arabian Mares used for reproduction.

Three hundred and forty-four cattle of which 261 dairy cows intended for breeding were used in the present study on neonatal calf mortality. These cows belong to fifteen farms of different sizes and distributed on the totality of Tiaret area. These cows were monitored over 2015. Rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality were respectively 42.14% and 26.04% for the period from birth to the 30th day. According to the quality of the breeding practiced in the different farms, we recorded a significant effect on morbidity and mortality rates of new-born calves, especially in bad breeding compared to good and average breeding (P<0.05), rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality were 14.54% and 3.63% respectively in good farms compared to 28.42% and 17.89% in the average farms. These rates multiplied in poor farms with 67.56% morbidity and 43.24% mortality. According to age at which these neonatal losses occurred, we recorded a significant variation in the calf mortality rate (P<0.05), the mean rate was 8.81% from birth to day 1, 13.01% from day 1 to day 10, and 3.83% from 10th to 30th day of birth. According to birth weight, we also recorded a significant difference in mortality rate (P<0.05),16.82% of registered neonatal mortalities were calves weighing less than 20 kg, 1.14% calves weighing between 20 and 30 kg, and 4.21% calves with weight more than 30 kg. Birth temperature is a factor that influences significantly neonatal morbidity and mortality rates (P<0.05); Temperatures of 0 to 5 °C are the most dangerous for the survival of new-borns with respective morbidity and mortality rates of 17.24% and 9.57%. These rates are of the order of 4.21% and 2.68% when the temperature is between 10 and 15 °C. The warmer temperatures cause fewer problems with respective morbidity and mortality rates of 3.44% and 1.91% when average temperatures are between 15 and 20 °C. When average temperatures exceed 25 °C, these rates tend to increase with 6.51% morbidity and 2.68% mortality. Concerning causes of these mortalities, problems of breastfeeding were at the origin of the most important mortality rate with 19.40%. Dystocia comes second with 13.43%, thirdly with diarrhea with 10.44% and lastly, respiratory problems with 8.95% and septic ailments of the umbilicus with 5.97%. Analysis of 60 samples of new-born calves faeces allowed the identification of the infectious agents responsible of neonatal diarrhea encountered in our farms: 66.66% were positive for at least one of diarrhea agents: Cryptosporidium Parvum alone accounted for 55% of samples, E-coli K99 13.33%, Rotavirus 11.66% and Coronavirus 10%.