Background Delivery of optimal HD requires a well-functioning vascular access with a nominal blood flow rate of 400 mL/minute without access recirculation. Failure of access function limits the delivered dose of dialysis which in turn is one of the major determinants of survival on dialysis.9 Methods This is quazi experimental study, done in three hemodialysis centers of Khartoum State .Aimed to evaluate the effect of access care training program for nurses to prevent Hemodialysis access failure in Khartoum state. Total number of nurses from the three centers mentioned above was (54). At the start all participants were involved in pre assessment of knowledge and skills test. This was followed by an intense structured educational program in care of vascular access for hemodialysis, with special emphases on how to prevent access failure. The program included four lectures and one practical session for each group of nurses in the specified dialysis centers. The outcome of intervention was measured by assessing the access care in 40 dialysis patients regularly followed in these three centers. The data was collected using standardized, close-ended questionnaire through direct interview to the nurses. The performance of the nurses was observed using check list to assess the skills of nurses and check list to assess the vascular access of the patients. Data was analyzed using computer (SPSS program). Results The results show that, nurses who participated in the study have highly significant scores of knowledge (80.86%) at post-intervention than the score at pre intervention (46.13%). Also regarding skills they have highly significant scores of skills (71.4%) at post intervention than the score at pre-intervention (12.6%).when access condition was examined gave low present of failure (32.5%) at post intervention than the score at previous study (92.85%). Conclusions In this study access care training programme for nurses changed significantly their knowledge and skills. Thus failure rate was reduced as outcome of this training programme. Recommendation The study recommended that Developing of modules for standardized training programme for hemodialysis nurses and encourage fund raising projects by staff members for purpose of developing evidence base practice researches.