Population growth is one of the major issues facing the Arab Republic of Egypt. To illustrate, this issue is represented in the increase of population growth rates (due to high fertility rates) at higher rates than the economic growth rates. At the same time, slums in Egypt have spread as they represent 37.5% of the total of urban area in Egypt. In such areas, the low socio–economic characteristics of its population are reflected and its effects on that issue are evident. Consequently, this study aims to recognize the extent of prevalence of these slums and its characteristics in Greater Cairo in particular. Moreover, it attempts to study the reproductive behavior of slums dwellers in Greater Cairo because they represent 59% of the total slum population throughout the Republic, and to study the relation between slums and its dweller’ s reproductive levels and trends. \nMulti–leveled Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used through the use of M–PLUS 8.0 program to test the proposed model to interpret the relation between fertility determinants, as mediator variables, on the current and future fertility. \nThe study offers several recommendations to achieve its objectives, including the expansion of educational services, encouraging females to enroll in education; especially the young–aged groups, and conducting a national survey specific to slums in the Arab Republic of Egypt of all of its categories to measure knowledge and attitudes towards reproductive health and reproduction in order to spot the deficiencies so that a comprehensive strategy for slum.

This paper study an exact formula for ruin probability for generalized risk processes under interest force with assumption that claims and premiums are assumed to be possitive integer – valued random variables and interests are assumed to be non – negative random variables (claims, premiums and interests are assumed to be independent). Exact formula for ruin (non ruin) probabilities are derived by using technique of classical probability. A extendly result for claims are homogeneous Markov chain, premiums are homogeneous Markov chain and interests are homogeneous Markov chain.

This paper presents theoretical and experimental analysis of a night sky radiation cooling system. The system used for this study consists of, radiator panel and an insulated water tank. The system is constructed for verifying the validity of a mathematical model proposed to describe the radiator panel transient thermal behavior. The theoretical analysis is conducted by solving the unsteady energy balance equation for the radiator panel. This equation is formulated into finite difference form. A computer program is constructed to carry out the numerical solution. This program is used to investigate the effect of water flow rate on the thermal performance of the system. The experiments are conducted at atmospheric conditions of Abha city that is situated 2270 m above sea level with latitude of 180 N and longitude of 420 E in Saudi Arabia with the average spring conditions (16.5-26.5 oC of ambient temperature and 55-65 % of relative humidity). The constructed system had ability to create 12-17 oC reduction in the water temperature for various water flow rate. It is noticed that the theoretical and experimental results in a good agreement and hence, the simulation program is used for the design of such a similar large scale for building cooling.

This correlational study aimed to determine the influence of faculty members� educational attainment on graduates� performance in the licensure examination for teachers (LET) among 112 state universities and colleges (SUCs) in the Philippines. Results showed that almost half of the faculty members are bachelor�s degree holders, about two-fifths of them have master�s degree, and more than one-tenth are doctoral degree holders. The SUCs had an overall passing percentage higher as well as majority of the SUCs performed higher than the national passing rate. There is a significant inverse relationship between the educational attainment of faculty with bachelor�s degree and LET performance. Moreover, it negatively influences the graduates� LET performance. In contrast, the educational attainment of faculty with doctoral degree has significant direct relationship to LET performance. In addition, it positively influences the graduates� LET performance. However, the educational attainment of teaching staff with master�s degree does not significantly correlate with LET performance, hence it does not significantly influence LET performance. When the three categories of educational attainment are taken as independent variables, only doctoral degree significantly influences LET performance. Implications of the findings on faculty hiring and training are also discussed to continuously improve LET performance.