Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) in a single institution and to evaluate the clinical risk factors for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage.\nMaterial and Methods: Files of 892 patients who underwent tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were examined retrospectively and 50 patients with PTH were included in the study. The patients included in the study were divided into groups of under 16 (pediatric) and over 16 (adult) patients. PTH risk factors such as age, gender, tonsillectomy indication, operation performed, post-operative inpatient time, post-op hemorrhage date (primary/secondary), interventions performed to stop the hemorrhage and post-hemorrhage inpatient time were evaluated.\nResults: 5.6% of the patients (3.0% pediatric; 2.6% adult) experienced PTH. All of PTH was secondary hemorrhage. No primary hemorrhage was determined in patients. There was no significant difference observed between the pediatric and adult groups based on age, gender, post-op inpatient time, interventions performed to stop the hemorrhage and post-hemorrhage inpatient time (p>0.05), while a significant difference was observed based on operation indication and post-operative hemorrhage date (primary/secondary) (p<0.05).\nConclusion: Both pediatric and adult groups experienced secondary PTH more often. Secondary hemorrhages usually occurred between the post-operative 5th and 10th days. Thus, the patients should be warned about this fact and they should pay attention to the risk factors during post-operative period.
Objective: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa and it commonly affects the general population. The aim of this study was to conduct an investigation in assesing the relationship between psycological disorders including anxiety, depression and salivary cortisol levels in patients with RAS.\nPatients and methods: 39 patients suffering from minor RAS were taken for the study after an informed consent. Age and sex matched 25 healthy individuals were taken as control group. All subjects were evaluated by using both psycological testing intruments (Hamilton’s anxiety rating scale [HARS], Hamilton’s depression rating scale [HDRS]) and physiological testing instrument (salivary cortisol level).\nResults: While no statistical difference was found between the patients with RAS and controls for both salivary cortisol levels and anxiety, there was statisticaly significant difference between the groups for depression.\nConclusion: Although our overall results do not show a significant increase of salivary cortisol levels among the patients with RAS in our region during periods of active disease than in healthy individuals. On the other hand, we observed only depression level significantly higher in RAS patients.
The utilization of groundwater for irrigation is rapidly increasing due to constrained canal water supplies. The spatial fluctuation of groundwater quality widely varies, so mapping has become necessary for better identification and management of this precious resource. Therefore, a comprehensive study was conducted to delineate the spatial variation in groundwater quality and its impact on agricultural productivity. Two cities were selected i.e. Hafizabad and Toba Tek Singh of Punjab, Pakistan located at the head and tail of Lower Chenab Canal system (LCC), respectively. Three groundwater quality zones such as suitable, marginal and unsuitable were delineated using geographic information system (GIS). The suitable quality groundwater in Hafizabad (HFD) district existed over an area of 93%, whereas in Toba Tek Singh (TTS) it was only found over 9% of area. The impact of groundwater quality on agricultural economics was determined using hydro-economic model. The average gross income from wheat crop in HFD was 35% more than TTS. In TTS, model data depicted that one percent increase in EC decreased the gross value of wheat crop by 0.586 %. Therefore, it is recommended that water allowance should be increased in unsuitable quality groundwater areas to reduce salinization and enhance farmers’ income.
The quality of the developed torque in the machine is paramount important in the designing high-power drive systems. Multiphase machines give the torque with higher quality than three phase machines and high fault tolerant capability when compared with their three-phase counterparts. Here for study considered the five phase Induction motor with three different stator winding connection i.e. Star, Pentagon and Pentacle. The performance of different stator winding connection are done based on the current and voltage THD, power relationship and lower order harmonics of five phase Induction Motor. Five-phase induction motor supplied from Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) five-phase VSI. Power losses in Induction Motor is due to the influence of current and voltage THD coefficient. These are very important factor based on this selection of proper winding connection are discussed. By study of these various parameters shows to select Pentacle connection for stator winding connection for five phase induction motor than Star and Pentagon. MATLAB simulation and Experimental results for three winding connections of five phase induction motor supplied with inverter are reported.