In this short note we introduced a general type of function that its diravative function not exists.

The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the efficacy of florfenicol (FFC) in the treatment of caprine pasteurellosis (CP) in goats of different age and sex. Forty Saanen goats of both sexes, aged 2 months to 2 years, with natural infection by Pasteurella multocida in the Afyonkarahisar province of Turkey were used in this study. Prior to the study, animals were randomly divided into two groups: 30 animals assigned to the FFC group were injected intramuscularly with FFC, two doses of 20 mg/kg body weight at a 48-h interval. The remaining ten animals, not medicated with any antibiotic, served as a control group (C). All animals assessed at baseline and on days 1 (first day of study), 3 (third day of study), 7 and 10. FFC-treated goats showed a significant clinical improvement when compared to controls (P < 0.05). All the animals in C which still showed signs of CP were crossed over to FFC treatment at the end of the study.

Pesticide use in agriculture increased measurably in the twenty first century. Adverse environmental effects of organophosphates are noticeable because most farm lands serve as micro and macro habitat for biodiversity. Dichlorvos constitutes more than 50% of all registered insecticide use for the control of pests in southwest Nigeria. The biology of the African giant rat enables its adaptation in the savanna and rain forest of West Africa. This study evaluated effects of repeated diclorvos toxicity and the ameliorative potential of moringa by monitoring the ensuing changes weekly for four weeks in African Giant Rats (AGRs). \nTwelve adult AGRs were randomly divided in to three groups of 4 rats each. Group A was exposed to 150 mg/kg body weight of dichlorvos and moringa, B to 150mg/kg of dichlorvos only, and C served as control. The pesticide exposure was through oral ingestion and ad libitum in the feed for two weeks while moringa was given for another two weeks in group B.\nHematological (erythrocyte and leucocyte), acetylcholinestarase (AchE), antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase), oxidative stress (malonylaldehyde) parameters and tissue changes were evaluated in all the animals using microhematocrit, cyanmethemoglobin and hemocytometric methods (hematology), butyrylcholinesterase assay (AchE), colorimetric methods (antioxidants), thiobarbituric acid reactions (MDA) and light microscopy for Hemtoxylin-eosin stained tissues from the liver, brain and kidney.\nThere was significant loss of weight. Lymphocyte counts and MDA increased significantly after one week. Weight, AchE, SOD and catalase levels further reduced after three weeks (p<0.05). The liver and kidney showed severe vacuolar changes and necrosis of parenchyma cells after two weeks of dichlorvos exposure. The brain lesions were of focal neuronal necrosis, demyelination and moderate astrogliosis. Post treatment with moringa increased antioxidant levels significantly after two weeks.\nThese findings suggest accentuated toxicity of dichlorvos with duration of exposure, increased ecotoxicological risk, and wildlife morbidity

Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a program that is used to minimize hardware components in terms of software control. It is a feasible solution for RF signal, which can perform different functions at different times on the same hardware. In this paper, Software defined simulation has been employed to obtain Bit Error Rate (BER) for of various modulations (PSK, QAM and PSAM) in flat Rayleigh fading with imperfect channel estimates. Despite the high spectral efficiency of M-QAM is not commonly used over fading channels because of the channel amplitude and phase variation. Since the decision regions of the demodulator depend on the channel fading, estimation error of the channel variation can severely degrade the demodulator performance. Among the various fading estimation techniques, pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) proves to be an effective choice. BER has been calculated as a function of sample size (length of signal) taking average of twenty individual decibels. Effect of sample size on the simulation result has been investigated for three different modulations sachems. We compute the BER for RF input signal and verify our analytical results by computer simulation. We show that for these modulations, amplitude estimation error leads to 1-dB degradation in average signal-to-noise ratio and combined amplitude-phase estimation error leads to 3.5-dB degradation for the parameters we consider

Current work aims at investigating risk management status in indoor sports arenas in Rasht. It is a descriptive – survey research and all multi-purpose indoor sports arenas of Rasht are considered as the statistical population. Author-made checklist was used as tool for data collection. Questionnaire of Boloukat‘s (2011) work was used and its content and face validity was confirmed by sports management professors and experts. Reliability of checklists was calculated as r = 0.893 using internal consistency method. descpritve and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test) were used for data analysis. Findings indicate status of safety of entrances and exits, the spectator’s seats, sanitary places, locker, shower, lighting and sound facilities and safetyof building and facilities, first aid, firefighting equipment and communication facilities in Rasht arenas was acceptable. However, safety status in warning signs and special facilities for the disabled was not suitable. In general it can be said that the health and safety status of Rasht arenas were in good condition

Pre-contact information of servers’ motion is very important for receiving players in tennis. The aim of this study is to examine whether receiving players can pick up anticipatory cues from opponent’s toss of kick serve (KS) and slice serve (SS) and can recognize the type of the serve before the ball is struck. 10 male right-handed professional tennis players with an average ATP ranking of 533 were videotaped from the receiver’s view. Even though the release point was almost the same location, the vertical toss peak of KS was horizontally to the right compared to SS and the racquet ball-contact of KS point was even more to the right by about 30 cm from the receiver’s view. Also the ball toss trajectory of KS was more rounded comparing to SS. At this level of professional tennis, it is possible to recognize the type of the serve, i.e. kick or slice serve, before the ball is struck. Players can anticipate from the server’s toss, as the ball trajectory of the toss is different for these types of the serves. The service toss provides useful information for the receiving players.