In the industrial production of carbonated beverages, one major occurrence is the\ninconsistency or variation in the volumes packaged in each soft drink bottle. Findings\nfrom field work have it that this occurrence is predominantly provoked by fluctuations\nin the percentage carbonation, operating pressure in the filter, and line speed. With the\nimplementation of the technique of factorial designs on experimental data obtained\nfrom Success Foods International Enterprise, it was established that all other factors,\nexcept line speed (main effect) and carbonation-speed (interaction), do not\nsignificantly affect the fill volume of Rosebeen Orange fruit drink. We therefore\nrecommend an employ of these results to process engineers in other Orange fruitdrink-\nproducing industries for pilot studies as this may lead to better practical results

PURPOSE: To determine which is the best anthropometric index among body mass\nindex (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to stature ratio (WSR) and C index in\nrelation to cardiovascular diseases risk factors.\nMETHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out during - in a sample of\nIranian female college students, aged - years that were selected via multistage\ncluster random sampling from university of Fars province. Fasting blood sugar, lipid\nprofile including total cholesterol (TC), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high\ndensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) were estimated by standard\nenzymatic procedures and anthropometric indices were measured. Pearson correlation\ncoefficients and multiple linear regressions were used in analysis.\nRESULTS: The correlation between BMI and all cardiovascular diseases risk factors\nwere statistically significant. There was positive correlation between WHR and WSR\nwith TC, TG and LDL, while there was a negative correlation between WSR and HDL.\nThere was no correlation between C index and cardiovascular diseases risk factors\nexcept for TG. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the predictive power of BMI,\nWHR and WSR for cardiovascular diseases risk factors and BMI was the best simple\nanthropometric index in predicting cardiovascular diseases risk factors in non-obese\nfemale college students.\nCONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that BMI, WSR, WHR and C index\nmay be considered as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and BMI is a better index\nfor predicting some cardiovascular risk factors in young non-obese women

Women Entrepreneurs in rural areas were not given adequate attention in research arena\nat the international level. This article explores the potential of such women with the aim of\nbringing them to the attention of international scholars. Here, the attitudes, the abilities and the\nqualities of women entrepreneurs have been analyzed in the managerial point of view. A\nparadigm between a rural women entrepreneur and a typical modern manager has been\nestablished. The paradigm shift between these two groups of people also highlighted. This\nanalysis had been done with the primary data collected through questionnaire from 450 women\nentrepreneurs of two districts of a state in India with the combined population of 1.3 million. We\nfound that the entrepreneurial activities by women in rural areas were not only beneficial to the\nstake holders but also to the society by means of economic independency, sustainability, self\ncontain nature and distributed prosperity. We insist that the activities of rural women\nentrepreneurs should not be discounted by citing their size and scale of production, instead, these\nobservations should make in to theory and practices. We tried to build a theory from the findings\nof our survey with sociological, behavioral, economical and managerial approaches.

Background: Obesity has remained as a main health problem and substantially increased during the last decade the aim of this study is the comparison of obesity, central obesity and WHR obesity among 15-70 years between Turkman and non-Turkman ethnic groups in Golestan Province (north of Iran) in 2013. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 464(Turkman =166 and non-Turkman=298) subjects whose were chosen randomly from 23 clusters. Subjects with a BMI (Body Mass Index) of <25 , 25.0-29.9 , 30-39.9 and ≥40 kg/m2 were classified as normal, overweight, obese and pathologic obese. Central obesity was measured by waist circumference of WC > 102 cm in men and >88 cm in women. WHR (Waist-to-Hip ratio) equal 0.95 or over and 0.8 or over was classified as WHR obesity for men and women, respectively. Results: General obesity and overweight were seen in 30.0% and 28.2% of subjects, respectively. In non-Turkman group, obesity was statistically significant between genders (men=19.4 and women=43.9 )(P=0.001) while it was not significant in Turkman group (16.4% vs 30.0%). Prevalence of central obesity was seen in 40.7% with a significant difference between genders (22.9% vs 54.4%) (P=0.001). Compared with Turkman group, the prevalence of central obesity in men and women was 12% and 19.2% more in non-Turkman group, respectively(P=0.003). In the whole, WHR obesity was common 62.7% and 63.1% in men and women, respectively. Odds ratio for general obesity and central obesity were 2.791 and 4.021 times more in women than in men, respectively. Compared to women in Turkman group, odds ratio for general obesity in non-Turkman women was 1.826 (P=0.025) and for central obesity was 2.096 (P=0.004). Pearson correlation between age and BMI, WC and WHR was seen (r=0.478, P=0.01), (r=0.596, P=0.01) and (r=0.385, P=0.01), respectively. Conclusion: Finally, obesity, central obesity and WHR obesity are the main health problem in the north of Iran and it was prevalent in non-Turkman more than in Turkman groups.

This study evaluates the effects of accessibility to credit on tomato market performance in Osun State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select one hundred and sixty (160) tomato marketers in the study area. A well structured interview schedule was designed to collect necessary data for this study. The descriptive, budgetary and logit regression analyses were carried out on data obtained. The study found that 88.8% of the respondents were female, the average age was 43.05 years, and 71.3% were married with average household size of 6.16 members. Result of analysis also revealed that 67.5% received formal education with an average of 9.81 years of schooling. On the average, respondents claimed 16.05 years of marketing experience. Only 37.5% of them claimed to have access to credit and the average amount of credit obtained within the last one year was found to be #21, 262.50. Transportation and finance were the most common challenges faced by tomato marketers in the study area. Result of logit regression analysis suggests that small scale tomato marketers are not likely to have access to credit. The result of OLS regression analysis indicated that amount of credit obtained by respondents and quantities of tomato sold per week have positive effects on marketing efficiency. The study recommends that tomato marketers should form cooperative groups/societies through which financial and transportation needs of members could be met.

Money laundering is an illegal activity, through which the illegally obtained funds tried to show as they were derived from legitimate sources. In this manner, the origin of the money laundered away through several processes like placement, layering etc., The money laundering affects all the fields either directly or indirectly. The intrusion of money laundering in essential sector like finance, could create ripple effects in life of the common people as well as whole economy. In this paper the various ways through which the money laundering invade in to the financial system and the resultant consequences are discussed with reference to the cases of various institutions across the world. To curb this money laundering, several initiatives taken by the international organisations. These initiatives also narrated briefly. In addition to that, the Indian perspective and the legal provisions also highlighted. Though the nature of the paper is an investigative type, the discussion on various observations will pave the way for better understanding of this modern age phantom.