The study of the effect of Pilates exercise on gait speed and strength of lower limb in elderly male was the main purpose the present study.The 30 elderly male participated in this study had an average age of 63 / 7 ± 4/3 years, height of 158 / 2 ± 3/6 cm and weight 65 / 2 ± 6/1 kg. They were randomly divided into experimental (15 cases) and control (15 cases) groups. The experimental group participated in Pilates exercise program for ten weeks, three sessions per week and one hour per session. Evaluation of lower limb strength was performed by 30-second chair stand test and speed of gait was studied by 10-meter walk test. The Independent T-test and paired sample T-test was used to compare the differences between the pre and post-test in both groups. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software version 19.\nSignificant difference found between experimental and control groups in both variable (P < 0/05) and between pre and post-test of subjects, there was significant difference in experimental group in both variable (P < 0/05).According to the results of the present research, it could be concluded that for improvement of strength of lower limb and gait speed in elder male, Pilates exercise method is recommended.

Aging is a natural phenomen on that effects on different systems of our body. This process is not due to diseases and accidents. Activity of Daily Living (ADL) is important for elderly persons. The objective of this study was the effect of aerobic exercise on improvement of motor function in healthy elderly, after eight weeks of regular participation in walking. The 36 elderly female with age above 60 years old participated in this study. 18 elderly female in exercise group with mean age of 66.32 and 18 elderly female in control group with mean age of 67.22. The exercise group participated in aerobic exercise program for eight weeks. Functional 30-second chair stand test and 10-meter walk test were conducted to evaluate motor function. The Independent T-test and paired sample T-test was used to compare the differences between the pre and post-test in both groups. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software version 19.\nResults showed significant difference in the assessed data of the exercise groups in the posttest level in comparison with the pretest level. Therefore, walking is appropriate for improve of motor function in elderly female.

The purpose of this project is to prevent the collision between the humans and the cars in roads by effectively monitoring the conditions thereby, having the automated brakes and also atomising the suspension setup for the prevention from any obstacles. This is an emerging technology that uses both the IR & Thermal imagery cameras (sensors) linked with the braking and the suspension setup with the help of an micro controller. Though auto braking systems are been developed they are not fully effective since they are not completely linked with suspension setup. Hence height adjustable air suspension is used here in link with the automated braking setup with the collective data obtained from the sensors and processed through a micro controller.

This research looks into extraction of parameters for deciding drinking by comparing voice characteristics before and after drinking using voice analysis. The first thing it considers is that input sign is entered after overloading. If drinking is tested using voice under overloading condition there must occur some error. Therefore, it should be determined by using method that is not affected by overloading. For the method used before effective frames using voice energy before and after drinking were extracted and drinking possibility was identified by using deviation from the distance of next position. In terms of vocal energy its value changes greatly when overloaded but general ratio largely stays the same. Therefore, after applying overloading sign to the existing method by using this similar result with normal input sign was obtained.

Introduction : Laparoscopic surgery, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gained worldwide attention quickly. One of the most significant advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, over conventional cholecystectomy is less postoperative pain and shorter recovery period for patients to return to their normal lives. Despite this, patients do still have discomforts. Therefore, various methods have been tried for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomies. \nBackground: It\'s been shown with studies that the application of analgesics before surgical trauma, could reduce post-traumatic spinal cord sensitivity and secondary hyperalgesia. If analgesic treatment initiated after the painful stimulus, because peripheral hypersensitivity and central nervous system hyperexcitability could already be developed, it would be difficult to manage the pain, postoperatively. It is believed that postoperative pain is a temporary neuropathic pain and gabapentin could be useful in reducing neuronal sensitization. \nAim: In our study, we aimed to assess the preemptive analgesic effect of gabapentin in laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations.\nMaterial - Method: 51 patients between ages 20 to 77 which are in ASA I-II groups planned for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, have been divided into two random groups as Group I (n=25) and Group II (n=26). To ensure preemptive effect, group I was introduced with P.O. 1200 mg gabapentin tablets, 2 hours before surgery. Group II however hasn\'t been treated as such. Both groups are treated with 1000 mg of I.V. paracetamol (10 mg/ml) 30 minutes before preoperative extubation as postoperative analgesic purposes. For postoperative analgesia, the first dose was initiated as 1000 mg intravenous paracetamol in 6 hour intervals, 6 hours after the initial application time. VAS scores and additional dose analgesic needs, the presence of nausea and/or vomiting were checked and recorded for the patients within the 2nd- 8th-14th and 20th hours after the operation. Patients with VAS scores 4 and/or higher, 1 mg/kg of pethidine was applied. For the patients with nausea and/or vomiting, 20 mg of intravenous slow infusion form of metoclopramide ampule was administered.\nResults: In the group treated with gabapentin, the postop VAS measurements taken in the 2nd, 8th and 14thhour, have been found to be significantly lower statistically, compared to the placebo given group. In the group that received gabapentin, the amount of additional dose of analgesic and antiemetic within the 24 hours after the operation, found to be significantly lower.\nDiscussion: In conclusion, it\'s been observed that the use of preemptive gabapentin in laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been effective in postoperative analgesia, and that it also reduced nausea and vomiting.

The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between the subjective perception of exercise intensity and the physiological response by elite endurance athletes and the non-athlete population. \nThe research sample consisted of elite-level short triathlon athletes from the Czech Republic (n = 23; 14 men and 9 women) and non-athletes who were students (n = 15; 9 men and 6 women). The data were collected according to a graded exercise test using a bicycle ergometer. At the end of each section, a blood sample was collected from the fingertip of an upper extremity for blood lactate level analysis, and the current HR was measured. To assess the subjective perception of objective exercise intensity, the participants were asked to evaluate the exercise intensity at the end of each section using the Borg RPE scale (rated from 6 to 20). \nThe curve estimation method was used to evaluate the relationship between subjective and objective fatigue in both groups. The model of the subjective perception of fatigue does not lend itself to objectivisation. Using a cubic model, we detected a significant association between heart rate and the Borg Scale of Fatigue score in the non-athlete group (69%) but not in the athlete group (40%). Therefore, for non-athletes, the Borg Scale may be used as a tool for the objectivisation of physical loading as evaluated by heart rate; however, this method does not apply to elite endurance athletes. For elite endurance athletes, the most predictive parameter is the blood lactate level. Here, the cubic model also accounted for the highest percentage of the variance (65%). For the non-athlete population, the cubic model (75%) and the exponential model (78%) accounted for higher percentages of the total variance.