In this study, Urtica pilulifera L., a traditional medicinal plant was used to investigate changes in antimicrobial activity after aluminum stress treatment. Seedlings were grown in growth-room conditions and watered with Hoagland solution, which contained 0, 100, and 200 ?M AlCl3 for two months. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested against nine strains of bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Staphyllococcus aureus and Salmonella sp.) and fungus (Candida albicans, C. tropicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillum sp.) using the agar well and disc diffusion methods. ICP-OES was used to determine Al accumulation in leaves. Furthermore, a control group (water + 11.31 mg kg-1 Al that leaves exposed to 200 µM AlCl3 accumulated) was prepared and applied on microorganism, in order to understand whether source of antibacterial and antifungal activities of U. pilulifera were from the compounds isolated from leaves exposed to Al stress, or Al itself accumulated in leaves. The data proved that inhibitory antibacterial and antifungal effects of chloroform leaf extracts were altered in U. pilulifera grown with Al.

The article reviews the Cobb-Douglas production function and its modified versions, which assess the relationship between the output volume of production and production factors. Using the Cobb-Douglas production function and based on the data released by the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 1996-2013, the article assesses the dependency function between the GDP in terms of real prices and fixed production assets, as well as the number of employees. Further, the article reaches the conclusion that labor intensive products occupy a relatively higher share in the overall production volume.

Oak tree, with its different varieties, grows in almost all regions of Turkey. It is one of the wood materials valued for its timber. This noble tree is affected by powdery mildew (PM) disease, especially at its young ages. PM is a fungus-related disease infecting a wide range of plant species as well as oak trees. It is quite harmful to nurseries, groves and coppice forests, and also reduces the quality and quantity of by-products. In this study, PM disease and its formation and spread conditions were investigated in various oak species populated in six different districts of Istanbul. Field observations, diagnostic and laboratory studies have revealed that type of oak species, its neighboring communities, population density, topographical features of area, operating mode, and climatic conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, wind and airing have determinative affects in PM disease’s development and dispersal. Thus, findings of this study will become valuable source for further physiological and molecular studies as well as will give insight to authorities in terms of protection of oak species from this damaging disease.

The failure to ensure the professional socialization of teachers by means of both academic training and also in-service experiences is one of the most important problems of the Turkish education system. The study is a predictive study and has been designed with a comparative descriptive model. “The Scale of Professional Socialization Variables of Teachers” utilized in the study was prepared by researchers with a multidimensional understanding covering the theory and practice. For the purpose of examining the scale in terms of content validity academician evaluations were consulted and for the purpose of determining the level of construct validity and reliability the preliminary application, in which 107 administrators and teachers participated in, was resorted to. As a result of the evaluation conducted on the data of the preliminary application, it was determined that the scale was a 2 factor measurement instrument addressing the necessary criteria in terms of validity and reliability. According to the findings of the study, teachers evaluate pre-service academic training processes as “low-to-medium” level and in-service socialization processes as “low” level. The administrators perceive both the pre-service academic training and in-service socialization of teachers to be at a “low” level and considerably inadequate in terms of professional development. Teachers emphasize that the counseling services guiding them to the profession of teaching in primary and secondary education is ineffective. Administrators state that prospective teachers experienced inequality in the process of transition from secondary education to tertiary education and that higher education institutes were unable to train prospective teachers in a versatile manner.

In today’s global era, individual firms do not compete as independent entities rather as an integral part of the supply chain. Trading partner plays a crucial role in the coordination of supply chain. Thus the key of success of firms, supplier selection is one of the most important issues in the supply chain. Since supplier selection is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem, lots of methods proposed to face this problem. This paper aims to compare three tools for decision makers that intend to support the decision of the selection of the appropriate supplier. Initially FAHP is implemented to calculate relative weights of each coordination criterion and then suppliers are ranked based on closeness coefficient and generate an initial feasible solution of the problem. Thereafter, Fuzzy TOPSIS and MATLAB Fuzzy algorithm are exploited to improve the quality of obtaining a solution. A case study of the Indian automotive industry is described to illustrate the application of the proposed method.

This study was performed in order to determine the attitudes, behavior, and beliefs of midwifery students regarding the spreading, treatment/care, and control methods for blood borne agents that cause systemic infections. The data for this descriptive and cross sectional study were collected by using the \"Data gathering form\" that was prepared through using information from the literature. Participants: The study was performed between May 1st 2013- June 1st 2013 with the participation of 166 students from the Midwifery Department of the Istanbul University School of Health Sciences. 24.7% stated that they were wounded with contaminated needles during clinical applications. To protect themselves during invasive interventions, 75.3% of the students stated that they would \"wear gloves\". While 42.2% of the students think HIV/AIDS spreads through flies, mosquitoes, and ants, 50.0% think it may spread through swimming in the same pool with an infected person. The rate of thinking that Hepatitis C may spread through dried blood increased with decreasing total years of study, and there was a meaningful difference between classes (p≤ .05). When the current year the students studied and reasons for not getting a tattoo were compared, a statistically meaningful difference was found in avoiding tattoos for medical reasons (p≤ .05). Midwifery students, who have a high likelihood of contacting blood borne agents that cause systemic infections, need information on protection, precaution, and the ways these agents spread. Most of the midwifery students need information on necessary post exposure applications as well as standard precautions.

Birth injuries with splenic involvement are rare with only 50 cases reported worldwide. Neonatal testicular torsion is an uncommon, but well known entity.\nWe report the second case in literature of acute scrotal condition suspected as testicular torsion turned out to be splenic birth trauma that was confirmed and treated consecutively. There is only one similar case in literature. \nAwareness of both clinical conditions

Objectives: Chronic anal fissure is one of the most common disorder in the anal region. In the treatment, surgical methods and topical treatments are used together or as a single. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a new medical topical treatment combination and its comparison with lateral internal sphincterectomies in chronic anal fissure. \n\nMaterial and Methods: A total of 144 chronic anal fissure patients, were divided into two groups. In the topical medical treatment group, a topical cream mixture was applied in the anal region in 82 patients. In the surgery group, 62 patients underwent surgery. After the treatment, defecation pain scores, stool bleeding, healing, gas-fecal incontinence, treatment-related side effects were evaluated in two groups.\n\nResults: Recovery rates were higher in the surgical treatment group (93.5%) according to the topical treatment group (82.9%). The visual analog pain scores were higher in the surgical group too. But gas-fecal incontinence ratio, severity of pain with defecation were significantly different as supporting the medical treatment. \n\nConclusion: We would like to underline that of medical treatment in patients with chronic anal fissure can be applied before surgical treatment.

Aim: The effect of H. pylori eradication on systemic inflammation was evaluated with non-invasive and readily accessible markers of inflammation.\nMethods: H.pylori eradication therapy was given to H.pylori infected 115 patients. Pre-treatment and post-treatment, inflammation markers – neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte (P/L) ratio, and mean platelet volume (MPV) levels – were compared.\nResults: H. pylori was eradicated in 100 patients; their N/L ratio and MPV values decreased significantly (p < 0.001, 0.01, respectively). The P/L ratio was also reduced (p = 0.081). \nConclusions: For the first time, we showed that the systemic inflammatory response decreased after eradication of H. pylori using readily accessible and inexpensive markers, such as N/L ratio and MPV. We suggest the detection and eradication of H. pylori as a treatment for all autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: Tomato considers as the second important cultivated crop after potato, worldwide. The mean objective of the present work was to generate transgenic tomato plants (cv. tomato varieties of KSA) using a plant antifungal gene (defensin). Her we describe cloning of plant defensin (AFP) gene isolated from kidney bean, which designated as AFP. The resistant antifungal gene (AFP) was isolated directly from total DNA of kidney bean tissue using PCR technique. Transient expression of foreign genes in plant tissues is a valuable tool for plant transformation technology. To decrease the time for analysis of the expression of any gene of interest in plant tissues or fruits, by using a transient assay methodology that could be applied to plant and tomato fruits. This method, called fruit agroinjection, β-glucuronidase protein transient expression in the tomato fruit, with high expression levels in fruits. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carried out a plant binary vector pRI201-AN-GUS and pRI201-AN-GUS-AFP were used for transient expression assay. The defesin gene (AFP), an antifungal gene, under the control of a CaMV 35S and the caste contained also β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Agroinfiltration is efficient transient expression assays for reporter gene and analysis of candidate genes in plants. This implies that agroinfiltration can be applied to many plant species. Here, we present our protocols and expected results when applying these methods to the tomato. Fruits agroinjection was assayed in our case study: the defensing- β-glucuronidase (AFP-GUS) genes expressions in tomato, we prove the efficient of this reliable technology as a tool for assay transgene expression in tomato plants. Our system provides a rapid, efficient and economical assay of gene function in tomato fruits tissues.

Abstract: \nBackground: \nCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger finger (TF) are common conditions that may occur in the same patient. The etiology of most cases is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of occurrence of trigger finger after open carpal tunnel release.\n \n\nMaterials & Methods: \nThis is a retrospective observational study which included 565 patients who presented with carpal tunnel syndrome and operated on in our institution over the period from January 2002- June 2011.\n\nResults: \nTriggering after open carpal tunnel release occurred in 59 patients (10.44%).\n\n\nConclusions: \n CTS and TF commonly occur together at presentation though the symptoms of one condition will be more prominent. Trigger finger after open carpal tunnel release is possible to occur. Our results support a common local mechanism that may be unrelated to the presence of diabetes. It may be correlated to an overloading of the finger flexor tendons at the metacarpophalangial pulley system level.

Major problem of power system is to prevent the system from condition of losing synchronism following a large sudden load change or severe fault i.e. transient stability and voltage regulation. A power system is represented by nonlinear dynamical mathematical model. Direct feedback linearization (DFL) control and a feedback controller composed by physical variables of the plant (nonlinear control) are used to enhance the stability and regulation of power system. The DFL control parameters are computed by linear quadratic (LQ) regulator design procedure. Limitation of this method is the proper selection of Q and R matrix of the regulator. In view of the problem, in this paper it is proposed to compute the DFL control parameter by particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated by simulation of a single machine infinite bus power system by PSO & LQ regulator control methods. The results of the controlled power system designed by the two methods are compared. It has been shown that the performance of the proposed controlled system is more effective and efficient. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB-7 software.

GO evolution is open and collaborative. Usually several ontology engineers can submit their ontology changes to GO curators for the purpose of updating the current version of GO. Ontology changes potentially include term conflicts. Their manual detection is a heavy burden for curators. In this paper, we investigate existing versions of GO and summary the types of ontology changes that have direct impacts on terms. We analyse the relationships between these ontology changes and deduce the conflict points that generate term conflicts. We evaluate our approach for three sub-GOs, including Molecular Function, Biological Process and Cellular Component. Our experimental results show that our approach is extremely helpful in relieving the burden of detection of term conflicts for curators. The proposed approach is effective for the detection of term conflicts between ontology changes.

This paper aims at investigation of environmental taxes in the Slovak tax system as a system tool affecting the business environment as well as an integral part of state social policy. It is based on theoretical knowledge and definition of environmental tax terminology at home and abroad. It presents approaches to understanding environmental taxes and analyzes the possibilities and the current legislative regulation of environmental taxes and their position in the tax system of the Slovak Republic. It refers to the factors that differentially affect and cause differences in the impact and effectiveness of environmental taxes.

One of the objectives of tourism is increasing its competitiveness to better use of the potential, following the elimination of regional disparities and the creation of new jobs. In this paper we analyze and compare services in tourism in the Prešov region and Slovakia. We point out to disparities in employment, average wages, the development in the number of visitors, changes in prices and sales of accommodation and catering services. At the same time, we think about the higher quality and more credible advertising focused on current trends in Internet marketing, which would approach visitors at home and abroad following the use of the latest information technologies. For the knowledge society and knowledge economy, it is a prerequisite for progress. Obtained, processed and statistically analyzed secondary data provide valuable information framework through which we can confront the selected indicators of tourism in relation to the potential development of economic growth.

Purpose: To establish the effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation in children with cancer.\nMethod: The study included 33 patients was carried out in six pediatric intensive care units. \nFindings: The diagnosis was leukemia in 25 (75.8%), lymphoma in 3 (9.1%) and solid tumor in 5 (15.1%) patients. Pneumonia in 12 (36.3%) and sepsis in 15 (45.4%) patients were seen as the common reasons. The mean PaO2/FiO2 ratios were 164.22±37.24 and 126.8±42.73 in noninvasive ventilation success and failure group, respectively. Noninvasive ventilation was successful in 18 (T.5) patients. The failure group consisted of 15 patients required intubation. A total of 14 (42.4%) patients died. The clinical outcome in terms of success and failure was meaningful statistically (p= 0.0001).\nConclusions: Our results could encourage the use of noninvasive ventilation in children with cancer who develop acute respiratory failure. It should be considered as a useful therapeutic approach to avoid endotracheal intubation.

The optimum use of coverage in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is very important. LEACH protocol called Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, presents a hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. LEACH is a protocol that allows the formation of distributed cluster. In each cluster, LEACH randomly selects some sensor nodes called cluster heads (CHs). The selection of CHs is made with a probabilistic calculation. It is supposed that each non-CH node joins a cluster and becomes a cluster member. Nevertheless, some CHs can be concentrated in a specific part of the network. Thus several sensor nodes cannot reach any CH. to solve this problem. We created an O-LEACH Orphan nodes protocol, its role is to reduce the sensor nodes which do not belong the cluster. The cluster member called Gateway receives messages from neighboring orphan nodes. The gateway informs CH having the neighboring nodes that not belong to any group. However, Gateway called (CH\') attaches the orphaned nodes to the cluster and then collected the data. O-Leach enables the formation of a new method of cluster, leads to a long life and minimal energy consumption. In orphan node possess enough energy and seeks to be covered by the network. The principal novel contribution of the proposed work is O-LEACH protocol which provides coverage of the whole network with a minimum number of orphaned nodes and has a very high connectivity rates.\nAs a result, the WSN application receives data from the entire network including orphan nodes. The proper functioning of the Application supported therefore requires management of intelligent resources present within each the network sensor.\nThe simulation results show that O-LEACH performs better than LEACH in terms of coverage, connectivity rate, energy and scalability.

Objective. We investigated the objective response rate to high dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-based vincristine and procarbazine combination chemotherapy without radiotherapy in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients as a front-line therapy, and sought to identify factors that influence response to HDMTX-based vincristine and procarbazine combination therapy. \nMethods. Prospective observational analysis was performed on 109 newly diagnosed immunocompetent PCNSL patients. All patients received front-line chemotherapy of combined HDMTX (3.5 g/m2) and vincristine (1.4 mg/m2) for one day during weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9, and procarbazine (100 mg/m2) for one week during weeks 1, 5, and 9 without radiotherapy.\nResults. Among the 109 patients, 94 patients with PCNSL who were registered at our institute from March 2003 to August 2013 were evaluated for participation in the study. Higher objective response rates were observed for patients with: 1) age < 60 years (p=0.046); 2) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score of < 2 (p=0.022); 3) low risk status as defined by the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (p=0.004); 4) p53 positivity (p=0.005); 5) XBP-1 negativity (p=0.002); 6) MUM-1 negativity (p=0.001); and 7) homogenous gadolinium enhancement in MR images (p=0.045). Multivariate analysis showed that ECOG performance score of < 2 (p=0.012), low risk status (p<0.05), positivity for p53 (p=0.027), negativity for XBP-1 (p=0.023), positivity for MUM-1 (p=0.008), homogenous gadolinium enhancement by MRI (p<0.001), and response to HDMTX-combination chemotherapy (p<0.001) were associated with longer progression-free survival, and ECOG performance score of < 2 (p=0.009), low risk status (p<0.05), negativity for XBP-1 (p=0.028), homogenous gadolinium enhancement by MRI (p<0.001), and response to HDMTX-combination chemotherapy (p<0.001) were associated with longer overall survival. \nConclusion. Our prospective observational study suggests that PCNSL patients treated with HDMTX-based vincristine and procarbazine combination chemotherapy should have good clinical outcomes even without radiotherapy, which allows avoidance of radiotherapy-associated neurotoxicity.

Patient safety is one of the major goals adapted national wide especially by World Health Organization (WHO). There are many factors affecting patient safety such as infection, environmental hazards and inappropriate care. According to national guidelines, patient safety skills should be part of everyday nursing work. The nurses must have knowledge and skills to prevent any possible harm to patients. Objective: To assess nurses’ perception and knowledge of patient safety and factors affecting that safety which will be reflected positively on the quality of care and patients health. Method: The study uses the descriptive design to study 234 nurses in various hospitals in Taif City; Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using patient safety tool developed by Texas-Memorial Hermann Center for Healthcare Quality and Safety and demographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS. Results: The result of study showed positive scores (76.8) of nurses’ perception toward patient safety, and positive scores of four subscales out of six. ANOVA test revealed significant relations between patient safety and nurses’ age, experience, degree, and previous attendance of safety courses. On the other hand, analysis of gender, working area, and role of nurses showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the study will help managers to improve patient safety and consequently quality of care. Also, it will help identifying which parts of information and training required for various nursing sections.

Abstract \nThe aim of our study was the determination of prevalence of the sarcosporidiosis in the bovine carcasses in the slaughterhouses of El Harrach and the identification of involved species of Sarcocystis. Samples of oesophagi and diaphragms of 200 cattles brought down in the slaughterhouse of El Harrach were analyzed by the histo-pathological technique and the technique of digestion pepsique. We did not note macroscopic cyst in the carcasses inspection. The enzymatic digestion and the histo-pathological analysis revealed high rates of infestations (95 %) and (80 %) respectively. Cysts with thin wall of S. cruzi were dominant in diaphragms (94.2 %) and in oesophagi (100 %). A low rate of cysts with thick wall was detected in diaphragms (4.4 %) and a rate of 0 % in oesophagi. A single cyst of S. hominis was able to be diagnosed by photonique microscope in a diaphragm.

Readers use various sources while following the news released by press. Authors working for different websites may misquote and include their own interpretations while writing the texts for the news which creates groups of readers who are misinformed with biased information without being aware of it. The aim of this study is probe the contents with identical headlines and demonstrate them to the readers. For that purpose, two websites as news outlets in Turkey were chosen. Daily news was retrieved by using a bot and similarity measurement was taken by means of an interface and three different algorithms from the semantic similarity measure methods which are Cosine similarity, Jaccard coefficient and Dice’s coefficient. After the threshold value of the algorithm that worked best with the similarity measurement, the ones that were above and below the threshold level were labeled as “similar” and “dissimilar”, respectively. Then, the data was conveyed to the readers by means of an interface.

Ventricular arrhythmias are common in patients with coronary artery disease and are responsible up to 20% of all deaths worldwide. A prolonged QT interval and Tpe interval are predictors of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Cardiac rehabilitation has been shown to reduce the risk of mortality and hospitalization in patients with coronary artery disease. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on Tpe interval and Tpe/QT ratio after by-pass graft surgery in patients with coronary artery disease. We examined 72 patients prospectively, who referred to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme after cardiac surgery in our hospital. Cardiac rehabilitation programme consisted of 3 outpatient sessions per week for 12 weeks of physical exercise and health and nutrition education programmes. QT and Tpe intervals was measured twice. The standard 12 lead ECG at the first day of admission to CR programme and once at 3 months later, which was after the completion of cardiac rehabilitation for study group and at control visit for control group. In our study, QT and QTc intervals were not different between groups on admission and discharge. The measurements showed a statistically significant reduction in Tpe interval, Tpe/QT and Tpe/QTc ratio after cardiac rehabilitation program according to measurements on admission in the case group (p<0,001), and also the same parameters showed reduction in the case group compared to control group on discharge. Cardiac rehabilitation programme is effective on reducing Tpe interval, Tpe/QT and Tpe/QTc which is related with ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardac death. Cardiac rehabilitation should be recommended and performed for all patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

This paper is written to assist the English Language teacher trainers in Nigeria universities and the Secondary school English teachers to come to term with the reality on ground with reference to the New Senior Secondary English Language Curriculum. It is a position paper resulting from the experience of the writer as a resource person in the nation – wide curriculum sensitization workshop of the Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC), the makers of the Curriculum. For three years (2011-2013) the writer handled the “Humanities” aspect of the teachers’ workshop in the Western Zone (Lagos, Oyo, Ondo, Ogun, Ekiti and Oshun). While this is not another workshop paper, nor a summary of the three years’ workshop, it certainly contains the major highlights of the new curriculum presented from the point of view of a researcher with clear emphasis on what the roles of the English teacher should be as against what it used to be.

Commercially pure titanium (CpTi) target immersed in a plasma atmosphere of argon/oxygen and by sputtering, the films of anatase or rutile phases grew on glass or silicon substrates. The Raman spectroscopy analysis indicates that anatase phase was obtained at low temperature while that at high temperature was the rutile phase. By XRD, these results were corroborated. SEM analyzes indicated that the films have an orthogonal direction and crystalline microstructure respect to substrates. The composition and chemical binding of the TiO2 films characterized by XPS viewing a good stoichiometric. Finally, the films thicknesses on the substrates were up to one ?m, results obtained by profilometry.

The paper focuses on the structured and well-planned design of courses in academic studies in general and in architecture in particular, based on the paradigmatic difference between the teaching-centered approach and the learning-centered approach, with an emphasis on the formulation of learning outcomes.\nThe design of a course according to the learning-centered approach has unique value, particularly in the information era, with computers virtually and instantaneously transmitting endless knowledge. In the learning-centered approach, unlike frontal transfer of information, a dialogue is formed between academic faculty and students, leading to compatibility between learning outcomes (course goals) and teaching methods and evaluation goals. Stressing the value of course design according to the learning-centered approach is necessary as a result of social, cultural, and technological changes in the current information highway era and the consequent status of knowledge as possessed by everyone, while noting and emphasizing the special needs involved in the challenges of teaching and learning in this era. The paper also depicts the significance of recording learning outcomes, and the benefits and challenges associated with the formulation of learning goals. To illustrate this topic, development of a course in the \"backward design\" method, consistent with the learning-centered paradigm, shall be presented. The challenges of this method shall also be portrayed, with the possibility of generalization to varied disciplines. This shall emphasize the main potential advantage of physical academic institutions and universities, where students and teachers meet, talk, and hold discussions, directly and unmediated, versus recently emerging virtual knowledge and teaching centers that are seemingly threatening to obviate the justification for universities. It is particularly important also in light of disturbing data indicating a considerable drop in university registration rates, in Israel and elsewhere, with the current young generation finding gradually less interest in universities as capable of shaping their personal and professional future.

The present study used five different instruments to test 121 male judokas from the following countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. All of them have been members of senior national teams of the respective countries; they have been active in competitive tournaments for the past 4 years, won medals at national level judo championships, and majority of them were medalists, in the junior and senior category, at European and World championships and cups, and at the Youth Olympic Games. The following variables were measured: enjoyment in judo, judokas’ goal orientations, judokas’ emotional intelligence, their self-regulation, and motivation. All five instruments were subjected to factorization, after which the total number of variables was reduced to 15. Some instruments were recorded to have only 1, whereas the others had 6 factors. The abovementioned 15 variables were subjected to exploratory factor analysis in order to reduce the number of factors to a minimum. The two ensuing motivation variables (priority-wise) were recorded to load the first factor, which was labeled judo as personal characteristic. Next, determinants that failed to meet the regression criteria set out by Alan Bryman and Duncan Cramer were eliminated, which resulted in nine predictors remaining. Autonomous self-regulation was the first determinant for both priority motivational variables: personal and social affirmation, and sense of belongingness to group. Therefore the most important thing for successful judokas is to remain independent or autonomous – the traits that are part of motivation as the primary determinants of success. Factor reduction and multiple regression enabled the authors to discover primary determinants, and that proved to be rather helpful in the quest for the secret of successful judokas.

Background: In addition to protecting cells against free radical harm thanks to its anti-oxidant nature, lycopene strengthens the bonds among cells and improves cell metabolism. This study focuses on analyzing the therapeutic effects of lycopene in hyperoxia-induced neurodegenerative disorders in newborn rats. \nMethods: Term newborn rats in their 12th-24th hours were included in the study. They were divided into four groups as the normoxia control group (group 1), hyperoxia control group (group 2), hyperoxia+lycopene group (group 3) and normoxia+lycopene group (group 4), and each group included 10 newborn rats. The control and lycopene groups were monitored in room air while the group 2 and group 3 were monitored at >85% O2. The group 3 and group 4 were injected with lycopene i.p. at 50mg/kg/day while the other groups were injected with corn oil i.p. at the same volume. The brains of the newborn rats were removed on the 11th day and oxidant system parameters were assessed. \nResults: It was observed that the number of apoptotic cells increased and the number of PCNA positive cells decreased in the groups 3 and 4 compared to the group 1. No significant improvement in the number of apoptotic cells and PCNA positive cells was observed in the groups 3 and 4, and apoptosis increased as well. \nConclusion: This study found that lycopene, which was injected i.p. at 50mg/kg/day, did not show any therapeutic effects for brain damage treatment in newborn rats. In addition, this study demonstrated that lycopene might lead to toxic effects.

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) is a recent paradigm which seamlessly connects the world. Several optimisation problems are contributing towards the effective design of networks. Gateway placement optimisation problem is one such interesting area of research among them. However node placement problems are known for their hardness to solve optimality. So evolutionary computation or heuristic methods are used to solve for near optimality. Throughput is one of the important performance parameter to evaluate a wireless network. In this paper, a traffic weight algorithm based on Differential Evolution (DE) method is used so that the network throughput is maximised and optimized.DE algorithm has faster time of convergence with respect to the other evolutionary computing mechanisms. Varying the channel capacity from 10Mbps to 25 Mbps and sharing efficiency of gateways the results observed with the proposed method show about 10% to 20% maximisation in throughput compared to the existing approach.

Elderly population is increment in developing countries. As the population ages, cardiovascular diseases which are major cause of mortality and morbidity will enhancement. Exercise is a non-pharmacological treatment shown to benefit for hypertension. The effects of exercise training may vary with different exercise modalities (eg, endurance, dynamic resistance, combined endurance and resistance training, and isometric resistance training) and dose parameters, specifically program length, session duration, frequency, and workload or intensity. However, the optimal exercise training prescription remains unclear. Among adult men and women at all blood pressure levels, including individuals with hypertension, aerobic physical activity decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure, on average by 2–5 and 1–4 mm Hg, respectively. Typical interventions shown to be effective for lowering BP include aerobic physical activity of, on average, at least 12 weeks’ duration, 3 to 4 sessions per week, lasting on average 40 minutes per session and involving moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. In this review, we tried to summarize the special point of exercise on hypertension in the elderly based on recent exercise guidelines.

Fuzzy patterns discovery from super market datasets is an interesting data mining problems. Daily fuzzy pattern is an example of such patterns where the pattern holds in some fuzzy time interval in everyday. The problem involves first frequent sets discovery and then association rules discovery from the frequent sets where association rules hold in certain fuzzy time interval in everyday (i.e. early morning, late evening etc). We call it daily fuzzy patterns. Earlier works were mainly concentrated on user-specified daily fuzzy patterns mining. However, in many applications, user may not be able to specify all fuzzy time intervals due to lack of enough prior knowledge about the datasets under consideration. and also due to the limitation of natural language. In this article, we propose a method of finding such patterns. The nicety about the method is that the fuzzy time intervals is generated by the method itself. The efficacy of our method is demonstrated with experimental results.

In the present paper, the steady flow and heat transfer of an incompressible electrically conducting fluid on infinite rotating disk in presence of magnetic field with uniform suction\nand injection are studied. In particular, (i) Numerical solutions of the partial differential equations which govern the Navier-Stokes equations, Maxwell equation and energy equation are obtained. (ii) The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary\ndifferential form by using Von K ́\narman’s[8] similarity transformations. (iii) Uniform suction or injection velocity on the velocity and temperature distributions is considered. (iv) The system of equations generated by Navier-Stokes, Maxwell and energy equations is solved\nby using Chebyshev collocation technique for varying values of physical parameters. (v)\nInfluences of parameters in the governing equations have shown graphically and are analyzed.

Heart disease specialty is rapidly advancing and needs trained personnel and special equipments.\nThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the detection and characterization of common heart diseases using Cardiac catheterization. \nThis is a retrospective study of our early results with cardiac catheterization for common heart disease in Sudan Heart Centre (SHC).\nDuring October 2012 - September 2013, 50 patients were performed, 25 male and 25 females for cardiac catheterizations, children (n = 8) and adults (n = 42) with age ranging from 1 year to 95 years. The most common of diagnostic catheterization were delineation of coronary artery disease (CAD) 86% included Left Coronary Artery (LCA) 36.5%, Right Coronary Artery (RCA) 11.6%, circumflex (CX) 36.5%, congenital heart disease (CHD) (Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 2%, Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) 3.8% and Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD) 9.6%. \nCardiac catheterization for heart disease in Sudan is feasible and experience which is expected to expand rapidly.