Product harm crises affects consumers’ attitudes, beliefs and future intentions about the product. Researchers stress to know how consumers respond and attribute blame for product harm crisis, role of media, its spillover effect and how the managers analyze and respond to product harm crises. Based on the review, it is concluded that the role of demographic factors in various aspects of product harm crises is a neglected area. A comprehensive research is needed to understand how the demographic characteristics of consumers, managers and firm owners affect the reaction towards product harm crisis.

A study was conducted to estimate the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in Sungai Mendak, Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia. Benthos and water sampling was under taken at five (5) different stations and triplicate sample were collected from each station. Dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, pH and conductivity was measured in situ by using YSI pro meter, whereas for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N) were analysed in the laboratory. As regards to Malaysian water quality index (WQI), Sg. Mendak was categorized in class I which is clean river. Most of water quality parameters values were not differ significantly (p>0.05) between sampling stations. A total of 3 classes, 11 orders, 37 families and 1788 individuals were identified. Result from CCA test demonstrates that physical parameters namely canopy, DO, TSS, pH and river substrates have significant influence on macroinvertebrates present and distribution. Tanytarsini tribe, Baetidae and Hydropsychidae exhibited excellent adaptation with the studied habitat and were recorded at high composition at each station. As regards to distribution pattern, composition and relationship with environmental factors, Baetidae and Hydropsychidae are potential biological indicators for clean water ecosystem.

PURPOSE: \nThis study aimed to evaluate the cardiac autonomic dysfunction and the cardiac arrhythmia risk using heart rate variability parameters in subjects with vitamin D deficiency and low cardiovascular risk.\nMETHOD:\n105 consecutive individuals, 54 patients with low vitamin D status, 51 healthy controls, were enrolled in this study. The overall cardiac autonomic tone was quantified by using various heart rate variability parameters included mean RR interval, mean Heart Rate, mean of standard deviations of intervals for 24hours (SDNN), standard deviation of averages of intervals (SDANN),mean of standard deviation of intervals for 5minutes. (SDNNI), root mean square of difference of successive intervals (rMSSD), the proportion of intervals differing more than 50 ms (pNN50) values. The 12-lead ECG was recorded from each participant and QT intervals were measured.\nRESULTS: \nBaseline demographic profiles were similar between the two groups. The heart rate variability parameters such as mean RR interval, mean HR, SDNN, SDANN, SDNNI, rMSSD, pNN50 (%) values were not significantly different in patients with low vitamin D status versus control group. The electrocardiography analysis revealed only slight but singificant prolongation of corrected QT (QTc) intervals in the control group; however QT intervals were similar.\n\nCONCLUSION:\nHRV variables were not significantly altered in patients with vitamin D deficiency in low cardiovascular risk profile group. Further studies require evaluating these findings in other cohorts with high cardiovascular risk.

Nigella sativa or Habbatus sauda’ has many therapeutic properties especially in medicinal worlds. The herb possesses many important active compounds such as thymoquinone and high in nutritional values. Because of this, it has been used to cure many illnesses in addition of a hadith from Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) that, ‘black seed is treatment of every disease but death’ [Al-Bukhaari and Muslim]. Hence, this mini review article is trying to briefly discuss about several aspects of medicinal properties, chemical compositions and characteristics of Nigella sativa from the literatures.

This paper focuses on the vibration analysis of composite cylindrical tank. The purpose of this study is comparison of natural frequencies with different layering and different fiber angle along the x-axis of the tank. The boundary conditions of the tank is located at the beginning and the end of tank. The tank fixed along the coordinate system (y, z) and is free in x-axis. Stability equations derived using the first-order shear deformation theory. The effect of layering and fiber angle has evaluated by using the finite element package ANSYS. The angle considered between -90 to 90 degrees also 0 to 90 degrees for position of fibers along the thickness, which distributed in the form of symmetrical and asymmetric. Finally, the natural frequencies of the tank under the effect of layering of composite in radial direction compared. The results shown that the number of layers and fiber orientions affected on the natural frequencies.

This research paper aims at finding long term effect of oxygen diffusion, varying temperatures and chloride concentrations penetration through the pores of structures made up of different types of concrete and corresponding corrosion of embedded reinforcements. The other objective of this research is to find out the strength of passive film on reinforcing steels formed in different types of concretes when exposed to above corrosion stimulating environments. This research is a continuation of previous research in which reinforced concrete slabs were exposed to various environments for duration of six months. The current research is a long term study in which similar slab specimens made up of lightweight concrete (LWC), self-compacting concrete (SCC) and ordinary concrete (OC) are used for corrosion investigations. The corrosion observations and findings of this research are novel and can prove to be extremely useful for construction industries.

The present study investigated the effect of different patterns of molar teeth extraction on learning in rats. In this study, 45 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into three groups named: control group (C) with no molar extraction, group extraction I (E1) with extraction of the maxillary bilateral molars and group extraction II (E2) with extraction of the left maxillary and the right mandibular molars. Morris Water Maze experiments were used a week after extractions to investigate the spatial learning in the rats. In learning tests, the target duration (defined as the time spending in target zone) in groups C, E1 and E2 were 12.47s, 11.09s and 11.13s, respectively which showed the significant difference in group C compared with other studied groups (p < 0.05). The result for Target path length (defined as the path length in the target zone) in group C was 212.28cm which was significantly more than the results obtained in groups E1 and E2 . The target frequency (the number of entrance in target zone), mean velocity, target duration and target path length in group E2 was more than group E1 with no significant difference. This study explained the molar teeth extraction may impair the learning ability. Furthermore, the pattern of extraction may be an important factor on learning in rats.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different synthetic pesticides against the major pest of Okra, Earias vittella, Amrasca devastans, Nymphs lacerate , Bemesia tabaci and cotton aphid in southern Sindh, Pakistan. The result of the study revealed that Cypermethrin was highly effective against Thrips with average efficacy of 78.4±2.150%; moderately effective against spotted bollworm (64.4±2.11%); and least effective against Jassid (17.2±5.02%) and whitefly (11.3±6.21%). Cypermethrin shows highly effective against the thrips, moderate results against spotted boll worm but was poor against rest of the two targeted insect pests Dimethoate was highly effective against whitefly only while in case of Cartap it is only effective against spotted bollworm and Jassid. It is observed that Cartap is less harmful to the natural enemies with their minimum mortality as compared to severe damage of natural enemies caused by other group of insecticides.

Background: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common complication of a variety of illnesses and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It develops following a number of predisposing conditions. ketoconazole can modulate inflammatory pathways known to be involved in ARDS. The aim of this study was to investigate, Ketoconazole effect for the prevention of the ARDS.\nMethods: In the Loghman Hakim’s Hospital of Tehran, Iran (study hospital), we investigated ketoconazole effect in the prevention of the ARDS as clinical trial. Patients were placed into two groups receiving oral ketoconazole and placebo. Finally, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 11.5).\nResults: There was no significant difference between two groups (receiving ketoconazole and placebo) in terms of sexual distribution. Also, there were no significant differences between them in terms of age groups mean and duration mean of ICU stay.\nConclusion: Data related to present study do not support the use of ketoconazole for the prevention of ARDS in Iran.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three month goalball sport on physical performance of visually impaired students. 38 visually impaired male students attending to the primary school were participated the study. 19 of them were separated as an exercise group (age; 13.15±1.59 years) and the rest 19 subject were separated as a control group (age; 13.30±1.43years) randomly. Exercise group do goalball sport three days a week for three months. Before and after the exercise program some physical performance tests were applied to all 38 students. To measure the physical performance; audial reaction time, 10 m running time, standing long jump, grip strength, vertical jump, and flexibility values were measured. The physical performance measured before the start of the three month exercise did not show meaningful difference between two groups (p>0.05). But when the values after three month were compared, it was found that audial reaction time, standing long jump, grip strength, 10 m speed running time, vertical jump and flexibility levels of the group doing goalball exercise was statistically better than that of the control group (p<0.01 and p<0.05). As a conclusion it has been seen that the goalball sport enhance the physical performance of visually-impaired students.