Google Earth images were widely used to remotely study the natural phenomena such as wave diffraction. Breakwaters are built in Ras El-bar to protect the shore line against erosion and make the sea water suitable as harbours. Unfortunately through Google Earth, it became evident that the shape of the beach has changed behind the breakwaters. In this work, we use Huygen’s Fresnel Diffraction formula to study why the shore line has changed in this way. The intermediate space between the breakwaters act as slits which diffract the incoming water waves according the wavelength of the wave. Energy of water waves is maximum on the beach when the wavelength is much smaller than the width of the slits. But as the wavelength increase the effect of water waves lessens. Studying the images of the Ras El-bar beach can be used in developing better designs in the future which would eliminate the effects of water waves on the shape of shore.
Aim: 57Co radioisotope has recently been proposed as a hypothetical source for use in brachytherapy due to its high specific activity, appropriate half-life (272 days) and medium energy photons (114.17 keV on average). In this study, Task Group No. 43 dosimetric parameters were calculated and reported for a hypothetical 57Co source. Materials and methods: A hypothetical 57Co source was simulated in MCNPX, consisting of an active cylinder with 3.5 mm length and 0.6 mm radius encapsulated in a stainless steel capsule. Three photon energies were utilized (136 keV (10.68%), 122 keV (85.60%), 14 keV (9.16%)) for the 57Co source. Air kerma strength, dose rate constant, radial dose function, anisotropy function and isodose curves for the source were calculated and compared to the corresponding data for a 192Ir source. Results: The results were presented as tables and figures. Air kerma strength per 1 mCi activity for the 57Co source was 0.46 cGyh-1cm2mCi-1. Dose rate constant for the 57Co source was determined to be 1.215 cGyh-1U-1. Radial dose function for 57Co source has an increasing trend due to multiple scattering of low energy photons. Anisotropy function for 57Co source in various distances from the source is more isotropic than the 192Ir source. Conclusions: 57Co source has advantages over 192Ir due to its lower energy photons, longer half-life, higher dose rate constant and more isotropic anisotropic function. However, 192Ir source has a higher initial air kerma strength and more uniform radial dose function. These properties make 57Co a suitable source for use in brachytherapy applications.
This paper presents a new approach for the prediction of cardiovascular disease based on Quantum Neural Network. It will serve as an excellent tool for a medical practitioner in predicting the chance of cardiovascular disease. This system has been experimentally evaluated and compared with Framingham Risk Score. During testing, the data of patients with the Doctor’s diagnosis (predictions) is used for evaluation and validation. The proposed system achieved 98.57% accuracy in predicting the cardiovascular disease which is significantly higher than Framingham Risk Score and other existing approaches.
The main objective of the study is to determine the effects of university students’ artificial climbing wall experiences, which is considered among experimental learning (learn by doing) activities and defined as “high activity”, on their problem solving skill levels. Artificial wall climbing emerges as a learning point which is both a game as of its content and an activity providing people to be active, not passive, through experimental learning activities and creating people opportunities to know better about themselves and others as well as their limits. \n\nPretest- posttest control group experimental model was used in this study. Experiment group participated into the practice twice in a week, totally for eight weeks. During this time, the control group continued their normal daily routines and not joined any activity. To collect data, Problem Solving Inventory developed by Heppner and Peterson (1982) was used. As a result of statistical analysis, statistically significant differences (p <0.05) were found between subscales and total scores of hasty approach, confident approach and planned approach. \n \nConsequently, activities done during artificial wall climbing have been causing positive development in problem solving skills & perception levels of university students.
Vocal process granulomas are benign lesions usually observed in the\nposterior glottis. In this paper we wanted to share our anesthestic management experience of a patient whose glottis was almost occluded by a laringeal granulom.
Study was implemented to analyze some measurable changes in chemical properties of soil and ground water, which were affected with flood 2010. This study was carried out during the period 2009-2013 in the region of Garhi Khairo taluka, district Jacobabad, Pakistan. Samples have been analyzed through various chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca+) and magnesium (Mg+2). Results of analysis reveal that, after flood, the chemical nature of soil of district changed from slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline. Before and after flood soil remains non saline. After flood, there has been a significant increase in the concentration of soluble calcium (Ca+) and magnesium (Mg+2) but potassium content of soil uniformly decreased. In whole period of analysis, the groundwater level in the area was very shallow and salty in nature.
This paper presents new technique of near maximum likelihood detection process named adaptive near maximum likelihood detector which combines pseudobinary and pseudoquaternary near maximum likelihood detection processes. Simulation results show that the performance of adaptive near maximum likelihood detector is better than the performance of pseudobinary near maximum likelihood detector but little bit worse than the performance of pseudoquaternary near maximum likelihood detector