Light is considered as one of the most important spatial constituent elements. In addition to its dynamic and lightness in architecture space, it’s intrinsic and spiritual senses can be noted in worship space. The role of light in space is so that it conducts audience to the desired place with a variety of spectrums and comes with the experience of time. In this study, the view of contemporary experts of architecture as well as the philosophy of illumination can be important, because they give importance to the element of light. So, in this study the concept of light is divided into three categories: spiritual, psychological and physical importance that this study in the view of spirituality addresses the importance of light in all religions and its result is canonization of the element of light. In the presented categorization of light, the light can be referred as warm light, cold light, visible light and invisible light. The elements affecting the formation of light can be divided into the controlling elements and absorbing elements. The method used in this research is a combination of text analysis method, exploration method and interpretation method. Therefore, texts, documents and evidence related to the topics of this study were studied, compared and analyzed and according to them, the present paper is composed of two parts: first, it addresses the definitions from different points of view and the role of light in the architecture of mosques and then it examines the elements affecting the formation of light in designing the space of mosques.

Carefully scheduling the operations of pumps can be resulted to significant energy savings. Schedules can be defined either implicitly, in terms of other elements of the network such as tank levels, or explicitly by specifying the time during which each pump is on/off. In this study, two new explicit representations based on time-controlled triggers were analysed, where the maximum number of pump switches was established beforehand, and the schedule may contain fewer switches than the maximum. The optimal operation of pumping stations was determined using a Jumping Particle Swarm Optimization (JPSO) algorithm to achieve the minimum energy cost... The model integrates JPSO optimizer and EPANET hydraulic network solver. The optimal pump operation schedule of VanZyl water distribution system located in was determined using the proposed model and compared with those from Genetic and Ant Colony algorithms. The results indicate that the proposed model utilizing the JPSP algorithm outperformed the others and is a versatile management model for the operation of real-world water distribution system.

This work presents the dynamic graph cut based Otsu’s method to segment the masses in mammogram images. Major concern that threatens human life is cancer. Breast cancer is the most common type of disease among women in India and abroad. Breast cancer increases the mortality rate in India especially in women since it is considered to be the second largest form of disease which leads to death. Mammography is the best method for diagnosing early stage of cancer. The Computer Aided Diagnosis lacks accuracy and it is time consuming. The main approach which makes the detection of cancerous masses accurate is segmentation process. This paper is a presentation of the dynamic Graph Cut based approach for effective segmentation of Region of Interest (ROI). The sensitivity, the specificity, the positive prediction value and the negative prediction value of the proposed algorithm are determined and compared with the existing algorithms. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used to detect the accuracy of the proposed system. The sensitivity, the specificity, the positive prediction value and the negative prediction value of the proposed algorithm accounts to 98.88%, 98.89%, 93% and 97.5% which rates very high when compared to the existing algorithms. The area under the ROC curve is 0.91

Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are collected number of multi-mode, multi-layer, and multi-band network structures and utilize cells of varying sizes. Femtocells (HeNodeBs) are implemented to extend and strengthen the coverage in indoor. However, these random HeNodeB deployments raises co-tier and Cross-tier Interference (CS-TI) which results system performance degradation. This paper proposes the self-organized Joint Sensing and Power Allocation scheme (SJSPAS) in the uplink to minimize the for LTE/LTE-A HetNets. The proposed scheme is a joint sensing and power control approach. Moreover, a sensing algorithm proposed which is inherited from Fireflies algorithm. The novel proposed scheme is simulated by Monte Carlo simulation which demonstrates that the scheme efficiently improve the uplink throughput of the macro-eNodeB and provides better HeNodeB throughput than the existing conventional power control techniques.

Extraction of useful information from huge databases is what forms the most basic part of Data Mining. It is a multidisciplinary field which has applications in a number of fields such as database technology, machine learning, pattern recognition, marketing, information retrieval, neural networks, knowledge-based databases, and data visualization. Patterns hidden in large data sets are to be discovered keeping in mind various parameters related to feasibility, usefulness, reliability etc. This paper begins with the introduction of data mining. It also presents methods for mining frequent patterns, market basket analysis and associations. These include the basic Apriori algorithm and its explanation with a daily life example.

Some reproduction aspects of the \"doctor fish\", Cyprinion macrostomum, were examined for the first time from the Tigris River drainage. A total of 316 specimens were caught from Gamasiab River in western Iran, at monthly intervals throughout the year. Age, sex ratio, fecundity, oocytes diameter, gonado somatic (GSI), modified gonado somatic (MGSI) and Dobriyal (DI) indices were estimated. Regression analyses were used to find relations between fecundity and fish size (length and weight), gonad weight, and age. Sex ratio differed significantly from unity, and the percentage of males was greater than that of females. The mature females and males were longer than 108 mm and 94 mm in total length (+2 and +1 in age, respectively). The GSI ranged between 0.09-2.94% and 1.70-15.53% for males and females, respectively. Gonad indices showed spawning took place from May to August, when the water temperature was 16 to 24 °C. The average diameter of the oocytes ranged from 0.2 mm to 1.7 mm, in the spawning season. The averages of absolute and relative fecundity (relative to body weight) were 3642.51 eggs (SD ±1219.92) and of 55.04 (SD ±14.12) per gram body weight, respectively. The absolute fecundity was significantly related to body weight and ovary weight.

The author in a historical context showed the role of evolution of geopolitical roots in the formation of mentality of Russian mass consciousness. Regarding the Russian nation natural and geographical factor includes country’s location, climate and soil peculiarities, and territorial size of the state. That is why the factor of geopolitical location of Russia among other world countries played a significant role in formation of mass consciousness of the Russian nation. The Russian nation is forced by historical circumstances to settle down on a great plain located at the joint of Europe and Asia

One of the effects of the climatic changes phenomenon is the change in precipitation (rainfall) variables. In the present research, the statistical period of 41 years (1970-2010) in 20 stations at Karkheh Basin station is investigated. The aim is to detect the trend of climatic changes in annual precipitation variables , maximum precipitation, the number of annual precipitations in stations using parametric and non-parametric climatic models (Man Kendal test), Man Kendal ranking test , Sen. test (Q), Regression model (LR), Spearman correlation coefficient (SRC), Pre-whitening test, standard deviation analysis (Std) and t-student test. The results showed that there was significant trend of reduction in 0 of the stations, and that ` displayed no trend in the annual precipitation parameters. The climatic changes experienced significant increase in 5. 45% without trend, 20% decreases and maximum precipitation had 50% significant increases compared to annual precipitation. But, the significant increase or decrease in some precipitation variables was different using applied models. Generally, the efficiency of mentioned tests was not consistent in the change in the precipitation variables, which indicates the uncertainty in the outputs of different models.

Abstract\nObjective: The aim of this study was to examine how much recovery upper obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) patients show with exercises when they were 3, 6 and 12 months old; and to evaluate whether the exercise treatment given at different frequencies contribute to this recovery or not.\nDesign: Randomized controlled trial\nSetting: Outpatients clinic of our institute.\nSubjects: Sixty cases that were referred to Pediatric Rehabilitation and Pediatric Orthopedic Clinics with the diagnosis of having Group I and II OBPP according to Narakas classification, were included in the study. \nIntervention: The first group had intense exercise program three times daily, and second group had a standard exercise program once in a day.\nMain measures: The subjects were assessed using passive-active range of motion (ROM) and Hospital for Sick Children muscle grading system at their first clinic visit and every month after, until they became 12 months old.\nResults: In both groups, a significant recovery was observed in ROM and muscle strength of all movements of shoulder, elbow flexion and forearm supination at the 3rd, 6th and 12th month reassessments, whereas a significant difference was not achieved on both parameters between two groups.\nConclusion: Exercise frequency did not affect recovery rate and results in the cases with OBPP and exercises were influential against possible complications that may occur.

Measures of text similarity have been used for a long time in applications in natural language processing and related areas [1]. Text similarity has been also used for relevance feedback and text classification, word sense disambiguation, and more recently for extractive summarization and methods for automatic evaluation of machine translation [2] or text summarization [3]. \n\nThis paper aimed to present a new concept over the existing ones, through which proponents can identify the percentage of semantic similarity between documents to other documents. The system is a combination of any two, three or all the techniques mentioned here - NLP (Natural Language Processing), Statistics, Artificial Intelligence (Machine Learning), Linguistics and Web Technologies, Text Categorization, annotated large corpora etc[4]. \n\nThe system will compare up to 35 documents. It has the similarity calculations [5].The researcher used the Prototyping Model as a software engineering paradigm in developing the system. Prototyping is an easily modified extensible model (representation, simulation, or demonstration) of a planned software system, likely including its interface and input/output functionality [6].