Polygalacturonase was produced from Aspergillus niger BC 23 which was isolated from spoiled Irvingia gabonensis fruit. The influence of carbon substrates on enzyme production showed that the medium containing sucrose produced a maximum enzyme yield of 38.5 U/mg protein after 72 h. Enzyme productivity in this medium was much higher in a medium that contained only citrus pectin as the sole carbon source. Medium containing yeast extract as a nitrogen source caused the production of specific enzyme activity of 31.2 U/mg protein. Results on the effect of metal ions on enzyme production showed that Ca2+ gave a percent relative activity of 214% in comparison to the native enzyme activity. The enzyme showed maximum activity in slight acid and neutral pH media with optimal activity at pH 4.0. Temperature activity profile of the enzyme showed best activity at a temperature of 35oC. Dried fruit peels were tested for their abilities to support enzyme production in media devoid of citrus pectin. The best enzyme productivity of 102.3 U/mg protein was achieved after 72 h in the medium containing orange peel and this level was much higher than that achieved when pure carbon sources or citrus pectin alone were used for enzyme production.

This study is conducted to find out a Corporate Income Tax Compliance Model for Viet Nam. The statistically significant relationships between independent variables such as Business factor, Knowledge - Accounting Activities factor, Psychosocial factor, Tax Administration factor, Economic factor and dependent variable, Tax Compliance factor, are identified. This study used a non-traditional approach, mixed methods research, to tackle given research questions. The other noteworthy theoretical contribution of this study is that qualitative factors do not alter the relationships between independent variables and dependent variable that means there isn’t any moderating variable in the tax compliance model.

Aim: Chronic Non-communicable Diseases have affected all countries. It is revealed that low-grade chronic inflammation is a key principle in pathogenesis in most of the Chronic Non-communicable Diseases. The aim of the present study is to analyse the effects of the endurance and resistance training on IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 in sedentary young women. Methods: In this regard, 30 female volunteer students who were overweight were chosen (BMI≥25), and they were randomly distributed into three groups of resistance training, endurance training and control. The training groups practiced for 12 weeks and three times a week with a definite intensity and distance. IL-6, TNF- α, IL-10, weight, fat percentage, BMI and the maximum oxygen consumption were measured before and after the 12 weeks of exercise. Data were analysed by statistical test of ANOVA (p≤ 0.05). Results: The results showed that the endurance and resistance trainings, except for BMI have a significant effect upon the body fat percentage, VO2max, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. In addition, there was not a significant difference between the effect of the resistance and endurance trainings upon the above mentioned variables. Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that the endurance and resistance trainings with the significant decrease of the inflammation cytokine will decrease the chronic Non-communicable diseases in sedentary young women.

En este artículo se ofrecen los resultados de una investigación cuasi experimental, se va a medir la diferencia en el aprendizaje entre dos grupos de alumnos de 14 y 15 años, un grupo va a seguir la metodología tradicional y otro el aprendizaje cooperativo, los contenidos que se van a explicar son del área de álgebra, específicamente ecuaciones de primer grado, tanto ejercicios como problemas. Se realiza un pretest y un posttest. El resultado muestra que el grupo que sigue el aprendizaje cooperativo logra mejores resultados que el grupo que sigue la metodología tradicional.

With the rapid development of the economy, ecological pressure caused by human activities on rivers is growing. Decision makers are often faced with the dilemma of how to maintain economic growth while also maintaining a river's resources and its environment. To conduct a comprehensive evaluation of rivers and their complex relationship with humans and thus quantify the relationship between abstract rivers and people, we will build a River-Human Harmony (RHH) model. The model is based on the concept of harmony to provide a more comprehensive approach for evaluating river resources management. The model includes three dimensions, namely, River Health (RH), Human Development (HD) and Human-River Coordination (HRC). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the index weights. We apply the RHH model in the Wei River Basin in north-western China, according to the river basin, and the distribution is divided into five sub-regions for evaluation. The results show that the river-human relationship for the five sub-regions of the Wei River is less harmonious, but the problems faced by each sub-region are also different. The imbalance in regional economic development within the catchment causes the fragile ecological balance results to differ. RHH model is an effective evaluation model for identifying weaknesses, prioritising investment needs, and establishing a harmonious relationship between man and river. This model has a high degree of flexibility; it can be used in other areas for assessing the relationship between man and nature as a systematic evaluation tool and as a guide for river management.

As the agile production have a significant place in today world, so it’s been tried, proposing this issue in 15 industries of North Khorasan Province. In this study, in addition to introduce this theory, it’s been specified the importance and efficiency of it and it’s been given the necessary confidence to artisans about the industry development. It’s conducted to propose a method to property the organizations based on their agility (in 15 industries in North Khorasan Province). The population of the study includes all engineers, managers, and employed engineers in 15 industries in North Khorasan Province. We divided these industries to two small and big groups because the organizations area and the extent of their production are not the same. Seven first industries are big and seven second industries are small. The study samples in small industries (8 ones) are 160 people (in each industry) and in Macro Industries (8 ones) are 280 people (40 people in each industry). Total sample are 440 people that include all managers and accidently some engineers and technicians. The research measuring tools is the agility questionnaire, Josef model. The other similar researches have been applied. The content method is applied to measure the validity of questionnaire and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to determine the reliability of it that the amount of it was estimated 0.82%. Incompatibility rate is below 0.1%. To analyse the data, hierarchical method was applied- similar to the ideal option. The results of the study showed that in Macro Industries, the industrial A, F, D, have got the first and the third priorities in order, and the the small industries, I , H, N, have got the first to third priorities in order. Also the analyses indicate that quality, changing, market; competence, technology and education indexes are among the effective factors in agility of the organizations.